MediGuide

Hormones #

The lungs are two large, spongy organs in the chest responsible for gas exchange — bringing in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide.

Main Structures
1. Lobes:
• Right lung: 3 lobes (upper, middle, lower)
• Left lung: 2 lobes (upper, lower) — smaller because of space for the heart
2. Pleura:
• Double-layered membrane covering the lungs.
• Visceral pleura: covers the lung itself.
• Parietal pleura: lines the chest wall.
3. Airway Pathway:
• Trachea (windpipe): main airway.
• Bronchi: trachea divides into right and left main bronchi.
• Bronchioles: smaller branches within lungs.
• Alveoli: tiny air sacs where gas exchange occurs.
4. Blood Supply:
• Pulmonary arteries: bring deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
• Pulmonary veins: return oxygenated blood to the heart.
5. Supporting Structures:
• Diaphragm: muscle below lungs that helps with breathing.
• Intercostal muscles: between ribs, assist with breathing movements.

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