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The Brain Stem the principle structures entering into the formation of the brain stem are the Medulla oblongata, Pons, Midbrain, Interbrain and Basal ganglia. The Mid-brain, Interbrain a Basal ganglia are parts of the cerebrum.

Reflex action of the Spinal Cord The spinal animal: a reflex act is the activity in some effector (muscle-gland) by the stimulation of a receptor. The simplest reflex arc or circuit consists of a receptor, an afferent neurone, an efferent neurone, and effector, or organ of response. The minimum the critical number of neurons in th…

Tracts Of The Spinal Cord Ascending tracts The fasciculus gracilis is medial to fasciculus cuneatus. They are made up principally of the ascending branches of the dorsal root fibers The fibers in the gracilis come from the sacral, lumbar, and lower thoracic nerves. Those in the cuneatus, from the upper thoracic and cervical…

Elements of construction of Tool Machine The main framework of a machine, generally an iron casting, forms the fundamental of its construction and carries all the other components included in the design. In the case of the lathe, planer, boring machine and grinding machine, this casting is called the bed, whilst the main casting of the sha…

Functions of the spinal cord 1. it is the seat of any reflex centers controlling the muscles of the trunk and limbs; 2. It is a Lot conduction between these centers and the correlation centers of the brain The first function is more primitive and is therefore to be of great importance in low vertebrates such as the frog. – In h…

BASIC CONCEPTS of Modular Programming In this Article, some fundamental concepts of modular programming are introduced. Several of them are illustrated through a simple example—a mailing list program. The requirements of this program are to maintain a file of addresses and to generate mailing lists of addresses selected from the file. M…

Mechanical Machine tools A machine tool is a power-driven apparatus designed to perform certain metal-removing operations and produce a desired form on the surface being machined. As most machined surfaces require to be either cylindrical or flat, the work of machine tools in general is concerned with producing one or both…

The Spinal Cord of Human Body The spinal cord is transected it is seen to consist of a central mass of grey matter completely surrounded by white matter. The grey matter consists of nerve cells, dentrites, nonmyeinated nerve fibers, a smaller number of myelinated fibres, blood vessels and neuroglia. The white matter consists chi…