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The treatment of dental cavities
Below

Teeth
1. Fluoride Treatments
If the cavity is caught very early (when it’s just starting), professional fluoride treatments can help remineralize the enamel and reverse very tiny caries. Dentists apply a strong fluoride gel, foam, varnish, or rinse to strengthen teeth.

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2. Dental Fillings
When a cavity has created a hole in the tooth, the decayed part is removed and the space is filled with a dental material like composite resin (tooth-colored), amalgam (silver-colored), or gold. This restores the tooth’s shape and function.

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3. Root Canal Treatment
If the decay reaches the tooth’s pulp (the inner nerve), the infection can cause pain and swelling. In a root canal, the dentist removes the infected pulp, cleans the inside of the tooth, and seals it to save the tooth instead of removing it.

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4. Dental Crowns
When a cavity is very large and there isn’t enough healthy tooth left, the dentist may remove the decayed part and cover the tooth with a crown — a custom-made cap that restores strength, shape, and appearance.

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5. Tooth Extraction
If the tooth is severely damaged and cannot be repaired, it may need to be removed (extracted). After extraction, the missing tooth can be replaced with a bridge, implant, or denture.

Illustration showing the stages of tooth decay from healthy enamel to deep cavity.

1. Brush Your Teeth Twice a Day with Fluoride Toothpaste
Brushing your teeth properly in the morning and before bed removes plaque — a sticky film of bacteria that feeds on sugars and produces acid that erodes enamel. Using fluoride toothpaste is important because fluoride helps strengthen tooth enamel and makes it more resistant to decay. Spend at least 2 minutes brushing, reaching all surfaces of your teeth.

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2. Limit Sugary Foods and Drinks
Sugar is the main fuel for the bacteria that cause dental caries. When you consume sweets, sodas, or sugary snacks, bacteria in your mouth turn that sugar into acid, which attacks your teeth. Try to limit how often you have sugary items, and if you do eat them, brush afterward or rinse your mouth with water. Choosing healthier snacks like fruits, vegetables, or nuts can also protect your teeth.

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3. Visit the Dentist Regularly
Regular dental checkups (at least once every 6 months) help catch cavities early before they become serious. Dentists can clean areas you miss when brushing and provide fluoride treatments or sealants that give your teeth extra protection. Professional advice based on your personal oral health can prevent future decay too.