Native Americans

In 1925, diphtheria affected an isolated village in Alaska. Due to the severe cold, it was not possible to transport the medicines by plane and ship, so the transport of the medicines to the town of Noma was organized with the help of mushers (guides or drivers of a dog sled team).
About 1120 miles (1800 kilometers) had to be covered in five days. There were several teams and they took turns on different sections. The Norwegian Gunnar Kasen and his main dog Balto were the first to bring the serum to the village.
It turned out that Kasen had not made a mistake in choosing the main dog, because when the team had an accident, Balto helped his musher, saving him from certain death.
When the storm reached its peak and visibility became low they crossed 85 km. Balto is considered a hero, and in 1925 a monument was erected to him in Central Park in New York.
He was truly a hero, like all the other dogs during this mission. However, the dog that did the most difficult part of the work was Togo who crossed the longest distance 260 miles (418 kilometers). He was part of Leonardo Seppala team of dogs. Togo is the husky, in the photo.

𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐞𝐟 𝐃𝐚𝐧 𝐆𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐞 ❤
Chief Dan George was actually a chief of the Tsleil-Waututh Nation in British Columbia, Canada from 1951 to 1963. Also an author and poet, George achieved his first acting job at the age of 60, appearing in the Canadian TV show, Caribou Country. But George’s acting career didn’t peak until 1970 when he starred in Little Big Man, a role for which he received an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actor. Another great role for George was the part of Lone Watie in The Outlaw Josie Wales (1976), often considered one of the best American Westerns. And George’s performance in this American classic could be considered Oscar-worthy as well. George also appeared on TV shows such as Kung Fu. During George’s writing career, he was credited with fostering understanding between non-native and Native Americans, particularly with the release of his book, My Heart Soars.

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𝐖𝐞𝐬 𝐒𝐭𝐮𝐝𝐢
𝘊𝘰𝘯𝘴𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘢 𝘧𝘶𝘭𝘭-𝘣𝘭𝘰𝘰𝘥𝘦𝘥 𝘕𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘈𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘊𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘰𝘬𝘦𝘦 𝘕𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯, 𝘞𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘚𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘪 𝘧𝘰𝘶𝘨𝘩𝘵 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘝𝘪𝘦𝘵𝘯𝘢𝘮 𝘞𝘢𝘳 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘵𝘩𝘦𝘯, 1973, 𝘱𝘢𝘳𝘵𝘪𝘤𝘪𝘱𝘢𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘞𝘰𝘶𝘯𝘥𝘦𝘥 𝘒𝘯𝘦𝘦 𝘐𝘯𝘤𝘪𝘥𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘢𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘗𝘪𝘯𝘦 𝘙𝘪𝘥𝘨𝘦 𝘙𝘦𝘴𝘦𝘳𝘷𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘰𝘯. 𝘚𝘱𝘦𝘢𝘬𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘧𝘭𝘶𝘦𝘯𝘵 𝘊𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘰𝘬𝘦𝘦, 𝘚𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘪 𝘩𝘢𝘴 𝘵𝘢𝘶𝘨𝘩𝘵 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘨𝘶𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘩𝘦𝘭𝘱𝘦𝘥 𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘳𝘵 𝘢 𝘊𝘩𝘦𝘳𝘰𝘬𝘦𝘦-𝘭𝘢𝘯𝘨𝘶𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘯𝘦𝘸𝘴𝘱𝘢𝘱𝘦𝘳. 𝘈𝘮𝘶𝘴𝘪𝘯𝘨𝘭𝘺, 𝘪𝘯 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘭𝘢𝘵𝘦 1980𝘴, 𝘚𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘪 𝘵𝘶𝘳𝘯𝘦𝘥 𝘵𝘰 𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘪𝘯𝘨 - 𝘵𝘰 𝘮𝘦𝘦𝘵 𝘸𝘰𝘮𝘦𝘯, 𝘰𝘧 𝘢𝘭𝘭 𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘴𝘰𝘯𝘴. 𝘚𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘪 𝘴𝘰𝘰𝘯 𝘢𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘴𝘰𝘮𝘦 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘣𝘦𝘴𝘵 𝘧𝘪𝘭𝘮𝘴 𝘢𝘣𝘰𝘶𝘵 𝘕𝘢𝘵𝘪𝘷𝘦 𝘈𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘯𝘴 - 𝘋𝘢𝘯𝘤𝘦𝘴 𝘸𝘪𝘵𝘩 𝘞𝘰𝘭𝘷𝘦𝘴 (1990), 𝘛𝘩𝘦 𝘓𝘢𝘴𝘵 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘔𝘰𝘩𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘯𝘴 (1992), 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘩𝘦 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘺𝘦𝘥 𝘎𝘦𝘳𝘰𝘯𝘪𝘮𝘰 𝘪𝘯 𝘎𝘦𝘳𝘰𝘯𝘪𝘮𝘰: 𝘈𝘯 𝘈𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘤𝘢𝘯 𝘓𝘦𝘨𝘦𝘯𝘥 (1993). 𝘊𝘦𝘳𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯𝘭𝘺 𝘩𝘢𝘷𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘭𝘰𝘰𝘬 𝘰𝘧 𝘢 𝘧𝘪𝘦𝘳𝘤𝘦 𝘐𝘯𝘥𝘪𝘢𝘯 𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘳𝘪𝘰𝘳, 𝘚𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘪 𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘰 𝘢𝘱𝘱𝘦𝘢𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘢𝘴 𝘢 𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘦𝘧𝘵𝘢𝘪𝘯 𝘪𝘯 𝘑𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘴 𝘊𝘢𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘰𝘯’𝘴 𝘈𝘷𝘢𝘵𝘢𝘳 (2009). 𝘏𝘦 𝘢𝘭𝘴𝘰 𝘴𝘵𝘢𝘳𝘳𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯 𝘏𝘰𝘴𝘵𝘪𝘭𝘦𝘴 (2017), 𝘣𝘺 𝘱𝘭𝘢𝘺𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘊𝘩𝘦𝘺𝘦𝘯𝘯𝘦 𝘤𝘩𝘪𝘦𝘧 𝘠𝘦𝘭𝘭𝘰𝘸 𝘏𝘢𝘸𝘬. 𝘛𝘰 𝘤𝘰𝘯𝘤𝘭𝘶𝘥𝘦, 𝘚𝘵𝘶𝘥𝘪 𝘸𝘢𝘴 𝘪𝘯𝘥𝘶𝘤𝘵𝘦𝘥 𝘪𝘯𝘵𝘰 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘏𝘢𝘭𝘭 𝘰𝘧 𝘵𝘩𝘦 𝘎𝘳𝘦𝘢𝘵 𝘞𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘯 𝘗𝘦𝘳𝘧𝘰𝘳𝘮𝘦𝘳𝘴 𝘣𝘺 𝘸𝘪𝘯𝘯𝘪𝘯𝘨 𝘢 𝘞𝘦𝘴𝘵𝘦𝘳𝘯 𝘏𝘦𝘳𝘪𝘵𝘢𝘨𝘦 𝘈𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘥 2013; 𝘢𝘯𝘥 𝘪𝘯 2019 𝘩𝘦 𝘸𝘰𝘯 𝘢𝘯 𝘈𝘤𝘢𝘥𝘦𝘮𝘺 𝘏𝘰𝘯𝘰𝘳𝘢𝘳𝘺 𝘈𝘸𝘢𝘳𝘥.
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Native Encampment
In the mid-1600's the Ojibwa east of Lake Superior began to move westward, and by the late 1770's, Ojibwa settlements circled Lake Superior. One of these settlements was located on the Kaministikwia River. Eye-witness accounts of Fort William in the early 1800's usually mention a Native encampment east of the palisade. A painting dated 1805 shows clusters of dome-shaped wigwams huddled at the south-east corner of the Fort; illustrations from the Hudson's Bay Company period (after 1821) depict conical tepees and wigwams.
These habitations reflect the culture of a people continually adapting to their environment as they had for thousands of years. Ojibwa family groups moved through these woodlands around Lake Superior in a seasonal round that included fishing, hunting, and gathering, and trade gatherings with other Native groups. With the coming of the Europeans, many Ojibwa incorporated the demands of the fur trade: trapping fur-bearing animals, and more prolonged contact with trading posts to supply pelts and other services.
The Ojibwa inhabiting the western Lake Superior region were also known as the Saulteaux, or Chippewa, while to the north were the Cree. Probably both tribes were represented at Fort William during the Rendezvous when Natives from surrounding areas came to trade their furs and exchange their labour and produce for commodities available at the Indian Shop. While most Natives departed for their hunting grounds as summer ended, some stayed behind to participate in winter activities of the fort.
During the NWC period, there were probably about 150 Ojibwa living in the Kaministikwia district. A number of Ojibwa names appear quite regularly in the Fort William transaction records, probably the members of the Ojibwa community adjacent to the fort. It is probable that they based their operations at Fort William, but continued to undertake seasonal journeys and encampments for the purpose of harvesting maple sugar, wild rice, snaring rabbits, fishing, and hunting game. One of these expeditions might last weeks or even months, so the Ojibwa population at Fort William was constantly in flux.
In addition to their own activities, the Ojibwa at Fort William supported the operation of the post. Women worked in the kitchen and canoe sheds, as well as the farm, and received payment in the form of trade goods. Men might be engaged in hunting or fishing for the NWC, and any other service in labour or expertise that the company might require.
As producers, the Ojibwa were integral to the needs of the NWC at Fort William. The transaction records show the quantity of provisions and materials supplied to the post and its personnel: bark, wattap and spruce for canoe-building, snowshoes, moccasins, skins, maple sugar, berries, wild rice, and fresh game.

On June 25, 1876, a battalion of the 7th Cavalry, led by George Armstrong Custer, was wiped out by an overwhelming force of Lakota, Dakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho.

There are many stories that come from this most famous battle of the Indian Wars. However, the most overlooked account is of the women warriors who fought alongside their male counterparts.

Minnie Hollow Wood, Moving Robe Woman, Pretty Nose (pictured), One-Who-Walks-With-The-Stars, and Buffalo Calf Road Woman were among the more notable female fighters.

Pretty Nose fought with the Cheyenne/Arapaho detachment.

One-Who-Walks-With-The-Stars (Lakota) killed two soldiers trying to flee the fight.

Minnie Hollow Wood earned a Lakota war-bonnet for her participation, a rare honor.

Lakota Moving Robe Woman fought to avenge the death of her brother.

And Cheyenne Buffalo Calf Road Woman holds the distinction of being the warrior who knocked Custer off his horse, hastening the demise of the over-confident Lt. Colonel.

Indigenous Peoples Movement

Keanu Reeves Is I'm Not As White As I Look 🥰🥰
This is Matrix movie star Keanu Reeves. He was abandoned by his father at 3 years old and grew up with 3 different stepfathers. He is dyslexic. His dream of becoming a hockey player was shattered by a serious accident. His daughter died at birth. His wife died in a car accident. His best friend, River Phoenix, died of an overdose. His sister battled leukemia.
No bodyguards, no luxury houses. Keanu lives in an ordinary apartment and likes wandering around town and often seen riding a subway in NYC.
When he was filming the movie "The Lake House," he overheard the conversation of two costume assistants, one crying as he would lose his house if he did not pay $20,000 - On the same day, Keanu deposited the necessary amount in his bank account. In his career, he has donated large sums to hospitals including $75 million of his earnings from “The Matrix” to charities.
In 2010, on his birthday, Keanu walked into a bakery & bought a brioche with a single candle, ate it in front of the bakery, and offered coffee to people who stopped to talk to him.
In 1997 some paparazzi found him walking one morning in the company of a homeless man in Los Angeles, listening to him and sharing his life for a few hours.
In life, sometimes the ones most broken from inside are the ones most willing to help others.
This man could buy everything, and instead every day he gets up and chooses one thing that cannot be bought.
I think you will be proud to wear this T-shirt. Thank you!❤️
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This dugout canoe was found on the banks of the Red River! It dates to the 14th Century! At 34 feet in length, it is the largest Native American canoe ever discovered in Louisiana!
Larto Lake is connected to the Red River through Big Larto Bayou, which is where the dam is located. One can just imagine Native Americans paddling on Larto Lake and the surrounding streams in such a dugout canoe! These water bodies served as liquid highways!
There certainly were plenty of cypress trees around to use as building material. The cypress wood was impervious to insects and rot, as evidenced by this canoe which is over 700 years old!
By Trevor Fry

MEDICINE MAN’S TIPI, circa 1905. The Crow (Apsáalooke) of Eastern Montana were known for magnificent tipis, with lodge poles extending well beyond the covering. Crow tipis were rarely painted, and this was a stellar exception. Fred E. Miller photographed the tipi of Young Hairy Wolf [1849-1919], with a family member entering.

The canvas tipi was built with 18 poles, plus two for smoke flaps. The painted ceremonial pipe, with bowl toward the bottom, had feathers attached. Text and digital restoration of photo by G.J. Coffrin.

US dollar idea, American Indian, Awesome!

Native American sign language: Illustrated guides to 400 gestures
The illustrations below showing how to communicate using Native American/”Indian” sign language, come from two vintage sources — one in the ’50s, and the other (more comprehensive guide) from the ’20s.
Indian sign language (1954)
From The Golden Digest, Issue 1 (1954)
Once we had many Indian tribes in our country. They did not all speak the same language. But with sign language, one tribe could understand another. Here are some things they would say. Words shown: Sunset, yes, I/me/my, go/go away, horse/horse rider, buffalo, man, rising sun, tipi, you, night

“We were told that we would see America come and go. In a sense America is dying, from within, because they forgot the instructions of how to live on earth. It's the Hopi belief, it's our belief, that if you are not spiritually connected to the earth, and understand the spiritual reality of how to live on earth, it's likely that you will not make it.

Everything is spiritual, everything has a spirit, everything was brought here by the creator, the one creator. Some people call him God, some people call him Buddha, some people call him Allah, some people call him other names. We call him Tunkaschila... Grandfather.

We are here on earth only a few winters, then we go to the spirit world. The spirit world is more real than most of us believe.

The spirit world is everything. Over 95% of our body is water. In order to stay healthy you've got to drink good water. ... Water is sacred, air is sacred.

Our DNA is made out of the same DNA as the tree, the tree breaths what we exhale, we need what the tree exhales. So we have a common destiny with the tree.

We are all from the earth, and when earth, the water, the atmosphere is corrupted, then it will create its own reaction. The mother is reacting.

In the Hopi prophecy they say the storms and floods will become greater. To me it's not a negative thing to know that there will be great changes. It's not negative, it's evolution. When you look at it as evolution, it's time, nothing stays the same.You should learn how to plant something. That is the first connection.

You should treat all things as spirit, realize that we are one family. It's never something like the end. Its like life, there is no end to life.”

~Floyd Red Crow Westerman