Native Americans History

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I am poor and naked, but I am the chief of the nation. We do not want riches but we do want to train our children right. Riches would do us no good. We could not take them with us to the other world. We do not want riches. We want peace and love.”
– Red Cloud, Chief of the Oglala Lakota tribe.
Sources: Photograph taken by John K. Hillers, circa 1880 / Yale Collection of Western Americana, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut / Wikimedia Commons

In 1944, Peter MacDonald was just a young Navajo radio operator.
He wasn’t carrying a weapon.
His power was in the words he spoke.
Words that no enemy could ever decode.
He served in Guam and China with the 6th Marine Division.
His mission: send vital battlefield messages in a secret code.
A code based entirely on the Navajo language — fast, complex, and unwritten.
The Japanese broke every code.
Except this one — invented by Native American soldiers.
They failed. Every single time.
Not one message sent in Navajo code was ever cracked.
And Navajo wasn’t the only language used.
Mohawk, Choctaw, Seminole, Pawnee, Iroquois —
A dozen Native dialects helped secure Allied victory in WWII.
Each one became a weapon.
Each speaker, a living encryption system.
Now almost 100 years old, Peter MacDonald is one of the last surviving Code Talkers.

Native Encampment
In the mid-1600's the Ojibwa east of Lake Superior began to move westward, and by the late 1770's, Ojibwa settlements circled Lake Superior. One of these settlements was located on the Kaministikwia River. Eye-witness accounts of Fort William in the early 1800's usually mention a Native encampment east of the palisade. A painting dated 1805 shows clusters of dome-shaped wigwams huddled at the south-east corner of the Fort; illustrations from the Hudson's Bay Company period (after 1821) depict conical tepees and wigwams.
These habitations reflect the culture of a people continually adapting to their environment as they had for thousands of years. Ojibwa family groups moved through these woodlands around Lake Superior in a seasonal round that included fishing, hunting, and gathering, and trade gatherings with other Native groups. With the coming of the Europeans, many Ojibwa incorporated the demands of the fur trade: trapping fur-bearing animals, and more prolonged contact with trading posts to supply pelts and other services.
The Ojibwa inhabiting the western Lake Superior region were also known as the Saulteaux, or Chippewa, while to the north were the Cree. Probably both tribes were represented at Fort William during the Rendezvous when Natives from surrounding areas came to trade their furs and exchange their labour and produce for commodities available at the Indian Shop. While most Natives departed for their hunting grounds as summer ended, some stayed behind to participate in winter activities of the fort.
During the NWC period, there were probably about 150 Ojibwa living in the Kaministikwia district. A number of Ojibwa names appear quite regularly in the Fort William transaction records, probably the members of the Ojibwa community adjacent to the fort. It is probable that they based their operations at Fort William, but continued to undertake seasonal journeys and encampments for the purpose of harvesting maple sugar, wild rice, snaring rabbits, fishing, and hunting game. One of these expeditions might last weeks or even months, so the Ojibwa population at Fort William was constantly in flux.
In addition to their own activities, the Ojibwa at Fort William supported the operation of the post. Women worked in the kitchen and canoe sheds, as well as the farm, and received payment in the form of trade goods. Men might be engaged in hunting or fishing for the NWC, and any other service in labour or expertise that the company might require..
As producers, the Ojibwa were integral to the needs of the NWC at Fort William. The transaction records show the quantity of provisions and materials supplied to the post and its personnel: bark, wattap and spruce for canoe-building, snowshoes, moccasins, skins, maple sugar, berries, wild rice, and fresh game

Incredible discovery! A 73-year-old man, Ernie LaPointe, has been confirmed as the great-grandson of the legendary Sitting Bull. Science supports his family history, revealing that the DNA of this iconic Lakota leader lives on in him and his three sisters. Ernie grew up burdened by his mother"s revelation, but his life was marked by a struggle with addiction.
A team of researchers, led by geneticist Eske Willerslev, used an innovative technique to analyze a lock of Sitting Bull"s hair and confirm his relationship. The results are overwhelming: Ernie LaPointe is, without a doubt, Sitting Bull"s great-grandson! This discovery highlights the importance of Indigenous heritage and how science can rescue forgotten stories. A historical connection that transcends time!

Congratulations to Mo Brings Plenty on being named the first ever recipient of the Western Heritage New Horizon Award.
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An enrolled Lakota from the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, Brings Plenty embodies the spirit of his ancestors who fought at Little Big Horn. His dedication to preserving culture and tradition, coupled with his diverse talents as an actor, horse stunt rider, and rancher, make him a deserving choice for this prestigious award.Brings Plenty's roots run deep in the Lakota community, carrying the legacy of his grandfathers who played a significant role in history. His traditional name, Ta Sunke Wospapi, reflects his connection to horses and the land, highlighting his profound respect for nature and his cultural heritage. Every step he takes is guided by the values and sacrifices of his family and ancestors, shaping his perspective on life and the world around him.
As an accomplished actor, Brings Plenty has captivated audiences with his performances in various film and television productions. From his role as Chief Thomas Rainwater’s enforcer in "Yellowstone" to his portrayal of historical figures like Crazy Horse and Sitting Bull, he has showcased the depth of his talent and the richness of Native American storytelling. His commitment to authentic representation and cultural accuracy has earned him praise and recognition in the industry.
Beyond his acting career, Brings Plenty is a dedicated rancher and horse stunt rider who cherishes his connection to the land and his heritage. He actively engages in giving back to his Lakota communities and Indian Country, striving to preserve cultural traditions and promote diversity. His belief in the goodness of humanity and his commitment to leaving a positive impact on the world reflect his genuine and compassionate character.