NCLEX Bootcamp

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The correct answer is: 1, 3, 4, 6

🩸 DKA Pathophysiology NCLEX Review
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a life-threatening complication most commonly seen in type 1 diabetes mellitus. It occurs when there is little to no insulin available, causing glucose to remain in the bloodstream instead of entering cells.

Here’s the high-yield DKA pathway every nursing student should know:
• No insulin → glucose cannot enter cells
• Blood glucose rises → osmotic diuresis develops
• Osmotic diuresis → severe dehydration
• Cells begin breaking down fat and protein for energy
• Fat breakdown produces acidic ketone bodies
• Ketone buildup → metabolic acidosis

Classic DKA findings include:
• Hyperglycemia
• Kussmaul respirations
• Fruity breath odor
• Dehydration
• Ketonuria
• Nausea and vomiting
• Altered mental status

Priority nursing interventions for DKA:
• IV fluids first to treat dehydration
• IV regular insulin to reduce glucose and potassium levels
• Frequent monitoring of potassium, glucose, ECG changes, and neurologic status

💡 NCLEX tip: Think of DKA as “dehydration + acidosis.” The two priority treatments are IV fluids first, then IV insulin. Watch closely for potassium shifts and signs of increased intracranial pressure during insulin therapy.

Comment “CHEAT SHEET” to get this Diabetes Mellitus NCLEX® Cheat Sheet!📚

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The correct answer is: 1, 2, 3

👶 Cleft Lip & Palate NCLEX Review
Cleft lip and cleft palate are congenital disorders that occur when the tissues of the lip or palate fail to fuse during fetal development. These conditions can lead to feeding difficulties, aspiration risk, speech delays, and recurrent ear infections.

High-yield nursing interventions for cleft lip and palate:
• Feed infants in an upright position to reduce aspiration risk
• Use specialized bottles or ni***es to improve suction during feedings
• Burp the infant frequently because excess air is swallowed during feeds
• Keep a bulb syringe nearby to clear secretions if needed
• After surgical repair, avoid pacifiers, straws, spoons, and oral suction to protect the suture line
• Apply elbow restraints (“no-nos”) after surgery to prevent the infant from touching the repair site

Infants with cleft palate, tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF), or GERD often require specialized feeding techniques and close monitoring for respiratory distress and poor weight gain.

💡 NCLEX tip: For infants with cleft lip and palate, remember “upright, special ni**le, frequent burping.” After surgical repair, protect the suture line by avoiding anything in the mouth and using elbow restraints.

Comment “CHEAT SHEET” to get this Cleft Palate, Tracheoesophageal Fistula, & Reflux NCLEX® Cheat Sheet!📚

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