LLB Notes

Acquisition and Loss of State Territory
30 July 2023 by LAW MASTERY PK
Acquisition and loss of state territory can occur through various means. States can get territory through different processes which are discussed as under;
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Acquisition And Loss Of State Territory - Law Mastery PK Acquisition and loss of state territory can occur through various means. States can get territory through different processes which are discussed as under;

Senate is the upper house of Parliament. They are elected indirectly for the 6 years. Half of its members retire after 3 years, after completion of 6 years tenure.

It is headed by Senate chairman who presides its sessions.
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Senate - Law Mastery PK Senate is the upper house of Parliament. They are elected indirectly for the 6 years. Half of its members retire after 3 years, after completion of 6 years

The word Asylum has been derived from a Greek word “Asylia”, means “inviolable place”.

In other words, it means a shelter or political refuge due to the fear of political victimization.

It refers to the protection, often granted by a state to individuals who have fled their home country due to the fear of persecution based on various factors like, religion, race, political beliefs, nationality or other issues of threats by unknown communities.
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Asylum - Law Mastery PK The word Asylum has been derived from a Greek word "Asylia", means "inviolable place".

“Mastering Extradition: A Comprehensive Guide to Understanding and Navigating the Process for Optimal Results” Definition; The word extradition has derived from the two legend words, Ex, traditum, means delivery of criminals, to that State, where he had committed the crime. Oppenheim says; it means the delivery of the accused to his own state.
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Extradition - Law Mastery PK The word extradition has derived from the two legend words, Ex, traditum, means delivery of criminals, to that State, where he had committed the crime.

Diplomatic Agents;


Diplomatic agents are those individuals appointed by a state’s government to represent their state’s interests in another state.

They maintain their political and diplomatic relations with each other.

These agents take on different roles, such as ambassadors, high commissioners etc.

They perform a vital role in conducting diplomatic relations, negotiating treaties, promoting business and trade etc between the states.
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Diplomatic Agents - Law Mastery PK Diplomatic agents are those individuals appointed by a state's government to represent their state's interests in another state.

What is Natural Justice?
Background:
It means Justice, which is based on facts and which provides a fair Justice aggressive people. In ancient times, there was cruelty, laws and customs were also cruel, because they were in the hands of influential people. Even Judges were not fair and were in the hands of rulers and rich people.
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Natural Justice - Law Mastery PK In the most ancient times, the Natural Justice was used by Roman Jurists, as an obligatory law, which was enforced by God for all the people, to bring peace

AUDI-ALTERM PARTEM
OR RULE OF FAIR HEARING
It is the most important principle of natural justice, that a person must not be punished until and unless, he is heard.

In other words, equal time and opportunity, must be given to each party, to present his opinion. This is an important maxim, called Audi-Alterm Partem or Rule of fair hearing.

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AUDI-ALTERM PARTEM OR RULE OF FAIR HEARING - Law Mastery PK In other words, equal time and opportunity, must be given to each party, to present his opinion. This is an important maxim, called Audi-Alterm Partem or Rule

Functions / Features / Elements / characteristics of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973:
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Functions / Features / Elements / Characteristics Of The Constitution Of Pakistan 1973: - Law Mastery PK Some of the important and main Functions / Features / Elements / characteristics of the Constitution of Pakistan 1973 are discussed below;

Fundamental Rights in 1973 Constitution of Pakistan :


Fundamental Rights in 1973 Constitution of Pakistan , Fundamental rights are a group of rights to individuals that have been recognized by a legal system. These rights are called fundamental rights and cannot be ignored because these are most necessary for the protection of individuals. It means a right which has its origin in the Constitution of a state. These rights are given in each civilized state, therefore also called natural rights. They are the gifts of democracy, means in Martial Law, these rights or some of them are curtailed or suspended.
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Fundamental Rights In 1973 Constitution Of Pakistan - Law Mastery PK Fundamental Rights in 1973 Constitution of Pakistan , Fundamental rights are a group of rights to individuals that have been recognized by a legal system.

BIAS (Principle of Natural Justice)
BIAS is the main and big principle of natural Justice that nobody will solve his case himself, when he is sitting in the bench himself.

In other words, it means that when there is a case, in which a person is a party, then such a person has no right, to sit in such a Court/Bench, to solve it, otherwise, it will not be a fair Justice.
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BIAS - Law Mastery PK BIAS is the main and big principle of natural Justice that nobody will solve his case himself, when he is sitting in the bench himself.

Policy Principles: Building a Foundation for Effective Governance:
Policy principles are important parts of a constitution. They are the guidelines for the future, dealing with future planning. The future policy or planning of a state is made under these principles, called “Principles of policy”.
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Policy Principles - Law Mastery PK Policy principles are important parts of a constitution. They are the guidelines for the future, dealing with future planning. The future policy or planning

The Government under the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan
Government is the combination of three organs, Parliament, Executive and Judiciary.

Parliament or legislature may be Unicameral, means it has only one house, or may be Bicameral, means it consists of two houses.

The Government under the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan, it is bicameral, consisting of the National Assembly, which is directly elected on population basis and Senate, which is indirectly elected by all MPAs of the State.
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The Government Under The 1973 Constitution Of Pakistan - Law Mastery PK The Government under the 1973 Constitution of Pakistan, it is bicameral, consisting of the National Assembly, which is directly elected on population basis