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AN ANALYSIS OF ERRORS ON BILLBOARDS USING PORT HARCOURT METROPOLIS AS CASE STUDY
Abstract
The study examined an analysis of errors on billboards using port Harcourt metropolis as case study. population is made up of all the beverages companies in Port Harcourt that uses billboard advertisement. Simple random sampling techniques were used to select 50 respondents out of the population. The instrument used for data collection was questionnaire. The instrument was validated by two experts in evaluation and Test. Data from 50 completed questionnaire forms were subjected to chi-square analysis. the study concluded that there is significant effect of the types of errors like error in design, text, font, spelling, pictorial elements in the writings of the billboards. The errors also affects the intended communication and as such in returned affects the profit margin of the company. Recommendations were that management should endeavor to develop more effective error free advertising campaign that attracts consumer’s attention and capture their interest. At this stage the company’s advertising messages should both be persuasive and reminder-oriented. The messages must be strong and appealing enough to persuade and build brand preferences, encourage switching to the company’s brand by changing the perception of the consumers of rival brands the product and services. Comparative advertising, a variant of persuasive advertising, could be useful in this regard as it seeks to establish the superiority of one brand through specific comparison with one or more other brands in their product and service class.

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF STUDY
Advertising is pervasive in all societies due to the duplication of goods, ideas and services, by different companies, industries establishments or individuals, especially in this era of technological advancement. Messages on the availability and desirability of these products and services are communicated to the consumers through advertisements. Advertising, therefore, thrives when abundance begets competition. It is “the blood of an organization” or “a push that makes things happen” (Jefkin, (2003) and Norrish, (3005). It is the heartbeat of most successful businesses. Consequent upon this, most big multinational companies like Coca Cola, Amstel Malta, Apple, have invested huge sums of money in advertising to maintain their brand names and remain on top for several years. Other companies or industries that produce similar goods are not necessarily producing substandard goods, but simply have not spent the kind of money and time required to promote their own brand names.
Advertising is a specialized form of communication, the language in which it is transmitted notwithstanding. The major language of advertising in Nigeria is the English language. It is the second and official language of Nigeria used in journalism, sports commentaries, education, administration and others. In addition to this, Nigerian Pidgin, vernaculars, and other foreign languages like French, Chinese, German, and Arabic are used to transmit advertising messages to specialized audience.
1.2 STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS
Billboard advertisements represent a company’s branding. It is the reflection of the company’s ideologies and social responsibilities toward society. These advertisements may be a marketing strategy, but the companies cannot deny that they influence the society through these advertisements. These advertisements also represent our culture to the tourists who come to visit Bangladesh on vacation. Therefore, it is essential that the billboard advertisements represent the true culture of the country.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF STUDY
2 To examine the types of errors in the writings of the billboards?
3 To examine the errors affecting the intended communication?
4 To examine if the errors have negative impact on the development of the language?
4.1 RESEARCH QUESTION
1. What are the types of errors in the writings of the billboards?
2. To what extent the errors affect the intended communication?
3. Do the errors have negative impact on the development of the language?

1.5 SIGNIFICANT OF STUDY
Therefore, as long as the company considers it necessary to advertise its goods and services, there is every need to seek higher efficiency and effectiveness in promotion of business. The outcomes of the study will bring to consciousness of the management how errors in billboard advertising affects the image of company and it effect on the organizational profit margin
1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY
The scope of the study was delimited to analysis of errors in billboards in port Harcourt city of rivers state of Nigeria.
1.7 ORGANIZATION OF STUDY
Chapter one which is the introduction of the project work, contains among other items, the statement of the problem, the objective of the study, the research questions and the significance of the study. Chapter two which is the review of related literature, reflects the current views of some writer on the topic and variable upon which the study is based. Chapter three, which is the research design and methodology, highlights the research methodology used including the design of the study and the data analysis technique. Chapter four deals on data presentation and analysis. The project ends in chapter five with findings, conclusions and recommendations.
1.8 DEFINITION OF TERMS
Errors:
Billboard:
Marketing: According to (AMA, 2000): marketing is defined as a process of planning and executing the conception, pricing, promotion and distributions of ideas, goods and services to create exchange that satisfy individual and organizational goals.
Advertising: Advertising is the practice of attracting the attention of prospective customers to the benefit of goods and services and incentive for them to buy. Advertising is defined as any form of displayed non-personal presentation of ideas, goods and services by an identified sponsor.
Effectiveness: The ability to cause a desired result in goods and services in business.
Service: It is a product of human activity meant to satisfy a human need but not constituting an item of goods

AGRICULTURE FINANCING IN NIGERIA PROBLEMS AND PROSPECT

ABSTRACT
This project seeks to bring together existing state of knowledge and existing state of practice in agriculture sector new techniques have to be proven before they are adopted in the general practice.
Chapter one of this project will deal with the statement of problems rationale of study significance of study and definition of terms.
Chapter two will examine in details the related literature to the project.
Chapter three will deal with statement of hypotheses methodology of study and sources of data.
Chapter four will deal with presentation of data and analysis of data and also the discussion of results.
Chapter five will deal with summary conclusion and suggestion
Finally I hope that this project will be of benefit to agriculture sector the student of training and finance and other researchers in related topics.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM.
The problem of low productivity and lack of improvement in agriculture has been traced to various causal factors.
One of such course is the lack of adequate finance to the agriculture’s. They complain that they do not have enough fund to carry on with their activities. We want to investigate the reasons why these formers find it difficult to raise enough money to carry out their important work.
I will also investigate the ways of eliminating these problems. Several measures have been taken by the government to encourage agriculture financing in the country but they houses not yielded the necessary effect for they are established.

1.2 RATIONALE OF STUDY
The study seeks to examine the various roles of financing agriculture Nigeria.
Specifically. The reasons for the study are:
Managers of agriculture business will be able and also have a wide range of solution to deal with agricultural financing in rural development.
Agriculture is very important in man’s every day life particularly in providing food for individual providing revenue for formers and the agriculture sector generate a sizable point of the national income and can also contribute its quota to the success of the student in our institutions.

1.3 SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY
Findings from an authentic study of this nature are expected to contribute immensely to our educational and agricultural policies and prospect in West African.
It would also assist formers and business men who are opportune to read this research work in their business activities. That is it would bring about increase in exportation of farm product hereby make life conformable in Nigeria.

1.4 DEFINITION OF TERMS
This research topic has some very key words which call for treatment before anything else.
Agriculture: This is a sector of economic achinilyes which provide human with some of their needs. Or the science and practice of captivating the land and keeping animal for man’s use.
AUTHENTIC: Genuine know to be true
FINANCING: The management of money
PROSPECT: Way of soling problem
EXPORT: Selling goods to another country

INFLUENCE OF FORMAL JOURNALISM EDUCATION ON JOURNALISTS’ PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE IN ENUGU STATE

Abstract
This study was set to examine the role of formal journalism education on journalist’s professional practice in Enugu state. The population for the study is the entire registered journalists practicing in Enugu. Multi-stage sampling procedure which involved cluster and simple random sampling techniques was used to draw a sample size of 137 journalists from the population of 210 registered journalists in Enugu state. Survey methodology was adopted for the study, while two theories were found relevant for the study. They are: social responsibility theory and development media theory. The study found that majority of journalists practicing in Enugu state do not have a degree in Journalism/ Mass Communication but have in other disciplines. Many of them hold a degree in English language. The study also made a shocking finding that some people practice journalism as SSCE or OND holders. This could account for low level of professionalism recorded in the practice. The study recommends among others that: The Nigerian union of journalists should review the criteria for deciding who is qualified to practice journalism. The basic requirement should include possessing a degree in Mass Communication/ Journalism. Beyond possessing a degree in mass communication, fresh graduates should gain from the experience of others by undergoing internship programs before being certified to practice journalism as a first step towards attaining professionalism in the field.

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background oftheStudy
Education as a critical component of a country’s human capital increases the efficiency of an individual worker (WEF, 2016).
Huang and Liu (2005) believe that intellectualcapital (knowledge) is a critical force that is responsible for economic growth. There is a common perception that educated people can do certain tasks easily and efficiently compared to the uneducated or those who are less educated. Vugt (2006) asserts that lack of education and knowledge makes a person crippled and inefficient. He reveals that previous studies have found that education increases job satisfaction. Wright and Davis (2003) believes that education will foster an increase in professionalism and further exploitation of management, whereas a lack of it will cause lack of job satisfaction. Priti (1999) believes that educated individuals know the scope, expectations and depth of their jobs and will be able to add building blocks to their professionalism as they progress through their careers. Education also promotes core task performance by providing individuals with more declarative and procedural knowledge with which they can complete their task successfully. It is generally believed that good education helps in preparing individuals for more effectiveness in their profession.

(WJEC, 2007) established that journalism education provides the foundation as theory, research and training for effective and responsible practice of journalism. In 2013, the census of journalism education programs kept by the World Journalism Education Council (WJEC) listed almost 2,400 programs globally. In 2007 and in 2013, UNESCO released model curricula for journalism education (Beate, 2016).UNESCO’s support for journalism education is underpinned by a strong conviction that professional journalistic standards are essential to bring out the potential of media systems to foster democracy, dialogue and development. With respect to this, so many efforts has been made to ensure quality education in journalism that will have an impact on the practice.

In Nigeria, several professions have boundaries. They have regulated educational programs that individuals must undergo before being inducted and given license to practice such profession. Such professions like Law, Engineering, Accounting, Medicine, Nursing, etc enjoy a high sense of respect because the processes that one must go through before being admitted into such professions are clearly identified and strictly followed.

Ironically, journalism, which is widely seen as the conscience of society does not have such clearly set out regulations on who should be allowed to practice journalism. It is believed that some people who practice journalism did not have to obtain a formal education in journalism. The practice of journalism in Nigeria has courted great controversies especially in relation to educational qualifications, ethical regulation and adherence to professional precepts.Talabi and Ogundeji(2012) note that journalism is an esteemed profession that has a lot to offer in the reformation of the society; unfortunately in Nigeria, it has become an all-comers affair as individuals with no media qualifications dive into the mass media for livelihood. They also observed that it has now become a truism that low literacy rate contributes to a low degree of journalism training and also to a low standard of journalistic performance. Journalism profession has suffered serious setbacks in its developmental processes in Nigeria because; the nation has not given priority to degree programmes in journalism. Instead graduates from other disciplines such as Political Science, Economics, Sociology, English and others are given on-the-job training in journalism.

Akinfeleye (1990) quoted an American critic, Dean Rosco Pound who once wrote that every profession is governed by certain rules, educational qualifications and the absence of such rules makes it a vocation. For a very long time Nigerian scholars, professionals and practitioners have argued as to whether journalism is a profession or not in Nigeria. Some scholars and practitioners of journalism in Nigeria say journalism is a trade, others say it is a craft or an occupation while the rest simply say it is a vocation. .

Talabi and Ogundeji(2012) says that colonial rulers in Nigeria and their succeeding “Nigerian-Europeans” regarded journalism education as unnecessary undertaking. This view partly accounts for the reason why for many years all Nigerian universities did not offer any formal journalism training. Fortunately, the situation is different now. Many universities and polytechnics now offer courses in Mass Communication or Journalism. These institutions train students to become professional communicators. However, many still get into journalism practice without formal higher education that prepares them specifically for the job. The former Abuja bureau chief of The Tide newspaper, Alloys Nweke, during the January 2008 Nigerian union of journalists (NUJ) summit in Port Harcourt frowned at the numerous untrained journalists bestriding the streets with pen and paper claiming to be journalists. Nwekerevealed that the number of untrained and fake journalists in Nigeria is higher than the trained journalists.

1.2 Statement of the Problem
From the background of the study, it is evident that scholars believe that formal education is very important for effectiveness and efficiency of professionals in every field of endeavor. However, in most media organizations in Nigeria, it is observed that people are employed to work as journalists without necessarily possessing formal education in journalism or mass communication obtained from institutions of higher learning. Some attend some weeks ‘certification courses and parade themselves as professional journalists. It is like an all-comer affairs unlike what obtains in such professions as medicine, nursing, law, engineering, medical laboratory science and others, which require one to be specifically trained in such field in an institution of higher learning accredited for that purpose.
This study seeks to ascertain if obtaining formal education in journalism/mass communication has any positive role on the performance of journalists practicing in Enugu state.

1.3 Objectives of the Study
The broad objective of this study is to examine whether obtaining a formal education in journalism or mass communication plays any significant role in the professional performance of those practicing journalism in Enugu state
The specific objectives are:
1. To determine the number of journalists practicing journalism with formal education in Journalism/ Mass Communication to those practicing Journalism without formal education in Journalism/ Mass Communication in Enugu.
2. To ascertain the extent to which journalists’ professional performance is dependent on formal journalism education.
3. To determine the extent to which performance in journalism profession is dependent on talent and skills.
4. To ascertain the extent to which obtaining a formal education in journalism contributes to career progress and promotion.

1.4 Research Questions
To guide the conduct of this research, the following questions were raised:
1. What is the number of journalists with formal education in Journalism/ Mass Communication to those without formal education in Journalism/ Mass Communication in Enugu state?
2. To what extent is a journalist’s professional performance dependent on formal journalism education?
3. To what extent is performance in Journalism profession dependent on talents and skills?
4. To what extent does obtaining a formal education in Journalism contribute to career progress and promotion?

1.5 Scope of the Study
The study seeks to ascertain the role of formal education on journalist’s professional performance in Enugu state. The scope covers only journalists who practice journalism as registered journalists in Enugu state.
1.6 SignificanceoftheStudy
This research work is aimed at determining the role formal education plays in the professional performance of journalists in Enugu state. This research work will be significant in different ways.
One, this research work will add to already existing literature on the role of formal education in professional efficiency.
Similarly, the result of this research work will serve as reference bank for subsequent researchers intending to study the role of formal education on journalists’ professional performance.
The result of this research work will also be of interest to leaders of the Nigeria Union of Journalists as they take decisions about who is qualified to be accepted and registered as a journalist.

1.7 Operational Definition of Terms
Formal Education- formal education in Journalism/Mass communication in an accredited institution of higher learning.
Journalism- The gathering, assessing, creating and presenting news and information.
Journalist-a journalist is a person who collects, writes, or distributes news or other current information to the public
Professional- a person formally certified by a professional body of belonging to a specific profession by virtue of behaving completed a required course of studies and/ or practice. And whose competence can usually be measured against an established set of standards.
Performance-The accomplishment of a given task measured against preset known standards.
Talents- Natural abilities and strengths that enable an individual excel at something.
Skills- Expertise needed to do a job or task.
Career- An occupation in journalism.

A STYLISTIC ANALYSIS OF CHIMAMANDA
NGOZI ADICHIE’S THE THING AROUND YOUR NECK

ABSTRACT
Stylistics is the study and interpretation of texts from a linguistic and literary perspective. This work was done to examine the basic linguistic features that have been used by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie in The Thing Around Your Neck to pass some messages across to the readers and the society. A functional approach was adopted; an approach where particular note is taken of the stylistic function, effect and thematic significance of linguistic features in a literary text. The stylistics tools employed were morphology, graphology, phonology, syntax, lexico-semantics and point of view. After applying these tools the novel, it was discovered that language is an integral part of any work of art and that the success of a work depends on how the writer has been able to manipulate language. Adichie had effected changes through a systemic use of language which helped a better understanding of her work.
CHAPTER ONE
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
Stylistics is the study and interpretation of texts from literary and linguistic perspectives. As a discipline it links literary criticism and linguistics. A stylistic analysis entails studying in details the features of written or spoken texts and stating what functions they perform in the context of the texts. The features chosen from any text are dealt with in three ways; identification, description and purpose. The method of analysis is purely scientific.
Carter (1989, p.162) suggests that the practice of stylistics comes about at any point of intersection of the language of a text with the elements which constitute literariness of that text. The point of focus in stylistics is the recognition of how a text works as a whole. It attempts to establish principles capable of explaining the particular choice made by social groups in their use of language and the production or reception of meaning. Stylistics is practiced as a part of understanding the possible meanings in a text. It is also generally assumed that the process of analysis will reveal the qualities of a work.
Stylistics is the study of style used in literary and non literary texts and the effect a writer or speaker wishes to communicate to the reader or hearer. It is mainly concerned with the idea of style, the analysis of literary texts and the application of linguistics to literary and non literary texts. Since every writer possesses his or her own particular way of writing and thinking, language use is different from one writer to another. To appreciate a literary work, it is important to see how the language and style used by the writer affect the interpretation of the work. Stylistics focuses on texts and gives much attention to the devices and style. It therefore, discusses theoretical matters alongside whatever practical analysis they provide.
Stylistic analysis besides helping one to acquire an explicit basis for deciding between interpretations also helps one to become more consciously aware of the processes of interpretation which are used in order to get to grips with the text one has read.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Adichie, being a young writer in exile, has written many books which have won several awards including her latest novel The Thing Around Your Neck. So many reviews have been done on the book and that is why the Daily Telegraph (UK) says this about the book “Adichie writes with an economy and precision that makes the strange seem familiar, she makes story telling seem as easy as a bird song”.
It is therefore important to study how Adichie has been able to manipulate language to create stylistic effects to pass her message across to the readers.

1.3 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
The purpose of this work is to examine the basic linguistic features that have been used by ChimamandaNgoziAdichie in The Thing Around Your Neck to pass her message across to the readers and the society.
Since language is an important tool used in literature, and language use differs from one writer to another, how then has the writer been able to employ language to create stylistic effects? The effect of her language use on the overall appreciation of the work will be studied.

1.4 SCOPE OF THE STUDY
This work will make use of Adichie’s The Thing Around Your Neck as its primary source. A stylistic analysis shall be done to know how the writer has been able to manipulate language to achieve certain effects. This analysis shall be conducted using the following elements of stylistics, graphology, morphology, phonology, syntax, lexico-semantics and point of view.

1.5 JUSTIFICATION
A study of this nature is important as it helps us to know how language contributes to meaning generation in Adichie’s The Thing Around Your Neck which has qualified the book published in 2009, to win various prizes. Since a literary work cannot be complete without an effective use of language, it is significant to study how Adichie has employed language to create stylistic effects.
This work will expand the frontiers of knowledge. It will make a place in the body of knowledge and help upcoming researchers to understand how Adiche has employed stylistic devices in her text.

1.6 METHODOLOGY
This research will adopt a functional approach, an approach where particular note is taken of the stylistic function, effect and thematic significance of linguistic features in a literary text.
The essay will study the society created by the writer through the character and situations in the text. The Thing Around Your Neck will serve as the primary source. There will also be reliance on secondary materials such as text books, stylistics dictionary and internet sources.

1.7 THE AUTHOR
Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie was born in 1977 in Enugu, Nigeria. She studied medicine and pharmacy at the University of Nigeria then moved to the US to study communications and political science at Eastern Connecticut State University. She obtained an MA in creative writing from Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore.
After initially writing poetry and one play, For the love of Biafra (1998), she wrote several short stories published in literary journals. She has won various competition prizes. The first novel Purple Hibiscus was published in 2003 and is set in the political turmoil of 1990’s Nigeria. The narrative was told from the perspective of a 15-year-old Kambili Achike. Purple Hibiscus won the 2005 commonwealth writers prize (overall winner, best book) and was shortlisted for the 2004 orange prize for fiction. Her second novel, Half of a Yellow Sun 2006 was set before and during the Biafra war. It won the 2007 orange broadband prize for fiction.
Her latest book is a collection of short stories; The Thing Around Your Neck (2009), shortlisted for the 2009 John Llewellyn-Rhys Memorial prize and the 2010 commonwealth writers prize (Africa Region, Best Book). Chimamanda lives between Nigeria and the United States

1.8 DATA DESCRIPTION
In the novel published in 2009, the writer turns her penetrating eye on not only Nigeria but America, in twelve dazzling stories that explore the ties that bind men and women, parents and children, Africa and the United states with a few telling details that do not portray one culture superior to the other.
In “A private experience”, a medical student hides from a violent riot with a poor Muslim woman whose dignity and faith force her to confront the realities and fears she has been pushing away. In “Tomorrow is too far”, a woman unlocks the devastating secret that surrounds her brother’s death. In “Imitation”, a young mother finds her comfortable life in Philadelphia threatened when she learns that her husband has moved his mistress into their home in Lagos. “The Thing Around Your Neck” depicts the choking loneliness of a Nigerian girl who moves to America that turns out to be nothing like the country she expected though falling in love brings her desires nearly within reach, a death in her homeland forces her to re-examine them.
“Searing and profound, Suffused with beauty, sorrow and longing, the collision of two cultures and the deep human struggle to reconcile them”. The Thing Around Your Neck according to the back cover of the book, “is a resounding confirmation of the prodigious literary powers of one of our most essential writers”.

INFLUENCE OF ADVERTISING ON THE SALES OF INFINIX AND TECHNO PHONES ON CONSUMERS IN WARRI METROPOLIS



ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of influence of advertising on the sales of infinix and techno phones on consumers in warri metropolis, Communication is at the heart of all human activities, and marketing is not an exception. However, despite the potency of advertising in the growth of business and sale of products, some problems are associated with the consumer awareness of techno and infinix phones products and the actual influence on advertising on their patronage. Thus in other to scientifically proffer solution to the research study the following research question were formulated to guide the study, Do consumer buy infinix or techno phones due to TV commercials, do consumers perception of infinix and techno phones TV commercials, What are the impacts of the TV commercials on the Techno and Infnix potential customers in Warri metropolis?. the survey sampling methods was adopted as the research design while eighty copies of the research instrument which on this case was the self design questionnaire was distribute and seventy four copies of the distributed questionnaire retrieved and were subsequently used to analyse the research questions. Result emanating from the study revealed that A great number of people in Warri metropolis are exposed to Infinix and Techno television advertising, and they have high very high rate of exposure to Infinix and Techno television TV commercial.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background to the Study
Communication is at the heart of all human activities (Baran, 2010), and marketing is not an exception (Adeleke and Aminu, 2012). Among the various marketing activities is advertising which employs communication to create publicity and persuasion around a product or service with the view to achieving consumer patronage. Advertising communication could be done via the mass media or interpersonal channels or both depending on the circumstances of specific markets and the objectives of the advertiser. It is an indubitable fact that the success of every product is traceable to the objective use of an advertising campaign, while it may sometimes be the case that the turnover of a product can be achieved through manipulation of information, knowing full well that consumers may be influenced and swayed by the hypes about the product. It therefore follows that to fully realize the potentials and usefulness which advertising may bring, it must be one that is truthful, objective, and totally captures the product vis –a –vis the consumers to whom the message is targeted (Chioma, Morgan, Onuiri, and Ogungbamigbe, 2016).
Advertising messages are designed using campaign strategies that best appeals to the target consumers, with an intent to persuade them enough to foster patronage. Messages are disseminated to target consumers via the mass media such as television, radio, newspaper, billboard and the Internet. In Nigeria, the story of advertising experience cannot be completely told without the mention of phones Brands in the Nigeria market (Ifeanyi,2014).
Advertising generally works on the audio-visual senses of consumers and thereby set up in their minds a chain of reactions capable of influencing their buying decisions, Nworah (2004) the ease with which advertisements succeed in the process of influencing consumer behaviour will depend highly on the credibility of the message.
Infinix is the most popular mobile brand in Nigeria. Infinix phones offer great specs at affordable prices. Since the launch of the Infinix Zero in 2014, Infinix phones have progressively offered more stylish designs. And now there is an Infinix Zero 4, an Infinix Note 3, an Infinix Hot S and an Infinix Hot 4 among others. Tecno Mobile is a Chinese mobile phone manufacturer. The company began operations in July 2006 in Hong Kong. With its first research and development centre in Shanghai, China, Tecno Mobile was founded as Tecno Telecom Limited, but later changed its name to Transsion Holdings with Tecno Mobile serving as one of its subsidiaries. Tecno focused its business on Africa and the South Asian market. However, following market research conducted in Southeast Asia, Africa and Latin America, the company found that Africa was the most lucrative region. As a result of this, in 2008, it stopped doing business in Asia to exclusively focus on Africa. The tecno camon c8 helped the mobile phone manufacturer compete with market share of Samsung, and Apply in Africa. In the light of the foregoing, this research is set out to examine the influence of advertising on the sales of infinix and techno phones on consumers in Warri metropolis.

1.2. Statement of the Problem
The tempo of present day economic activity is such that advertising has assumed an important role in the realization of corporate goals and through that, the overall achievements of growth targets for the economy, large sums of money have been spent in attempting to justify and measure the impact of advertising in our growing economy. Yet it has not been possible to measure the effectiveness of advertisement in a given marketing programme. In a given market situation, advertising plays a large or small role depending upon circumstances
However, despite the potency of advertising in the growth of business and sale of products, some problems are associated with the consumer awareness of techno and infinix phones products and the actual influence on advertising on their patronage. Some of the problems encountered in the course of advertising mobile products are; the problem of how to communicate with their audience of different demographic and psychographic trends; the problem of the appropriate media to use that the audience will have access to act all time; the problem of the appropriate time to reach the target audience, and the problem of the actual impact of advertising on consumers and how to determine such impact. These are the hitches encountered in advertising mobile phones products and measuring of its impact on consumer. Therefore, it is pertinent to ask, what is the actual influence of advertising on the sales of infinix and techno phones on consumer in Warri?

1.3 Objectives of the Study
The study is anchored on the following objectives
i. To determine whether consumer buy infinix or techno phones due to TV commercials.
ii. To ascertain consumers perception of infinix and techno phones TV commercials.
iii. To determine the influence of TV commercials on the Techno and Infnix potential customer in Warri metropolis.
1.4 Research Questions
Arising from the research objective the following research question guide the study
i. Do consumer buy infinix or techno phones due to TV commercials
ii. Do consumers perception of infinix and techno phones TV commercials
iii. What are the impacts of the TV commercials on the Techno and Infnix potential customers in Warri metropolis?
1.5. Scope of the Study
The scope of this study is to determine the influence of TV advertisements on Techno and Infnix phones on residents of Warri metropolis. In a broad sense, the area of this study covers Warri metropolis.

1.6 Significance of the Study
The significance of this study is of importance to the University community since it will add to existing research on advertising and consumer preference in phone consumption. It will also add as a source of reference material to other researcher who will embark on similar research area
1.7. Operational Definitions of Terms
1.7.1. Advertising: This is the means through which Etisalat present, communicate and promote sales of its products to prospects through the media.
1.7.2. Commercial: this may refer to paid classified messages in newspapers, magazines, flyers, billboards, and paid announcements over radio and television
1.7.3. Consumer: A consumer is a person or organization that uses economic services or commodities
1.7.4. Influence: may refer to social influence, in social psychology, influence in interpersonal relationships.
1.7.5. Sales: this is the exchange of a commodity or money as the price of a good or a service.
Television: This is the activity, profession or medium through which Etisalat mobile broadcast on television.



ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of influence of advertising on the sales of infinix and techno phones on consumers in warri metropolis, Communication is at the heart of all human activities, and marketing is not an exception. However, despite the potency of advertising in the growth of business and sale of products, some problems are associated with the consumer awareness of techno and infinix phones products and the actual influence on advertising on their patronage. Thus in other to scientifically proffer solution to the research study the following research question were formulated to guide the study, Do consumer buy infinix or techno phones due to TV commercials, do consumers perception of infinix and techno phones TV commercials, What are the impacts of the TV commercials on the Techno and Infnix potential customers in Warri metropolis?. the survey sampling methods was adopted as the research design while eighty copies of the research instrument which on this case was the self design questionnaire was distribute and seventy four copies of the distributed questionnaire retrieved and were subsequently used to analyse the research questions. Result emanating from the study revealed that A great number of people in Warri metropolis are exposed to Infinix and Techno television advertising, and they have high very high rate of exposure to Infinix and Techno television TV commercial.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background to the Study
Communication is at the heart of all human activities (Baran, 2010), and marketing is not an exception (Adeleke and Aminu, 2012). Among the various marketing activities is advertising which employs communication to create publicity and persuasion around a product or service with the view to achieving consumer patronage. Advertising communication could be done via the mass media or interpersonal channels or both depending on the circumstances of specific markets and the objectives of the advertiser. It is an indubitable fact that the success of every product is traceable to the objective use of an advertising campaign, while it may sometimes be the case that the turnover of a product can be achieved through manipulation of information, knowing full well that consumers may be influenced and swayed by the hypes about the product. It therefore follows that to fully realize the potentials and usefulness which advertising may bring, it must be one that is truthful, objective, and totally captures the product vis –a –vis the consumers to whom the message is targeted (Chioma, Morgan, Onuiri, and Ogungbamigbe, 2016).
Advertising messages are designed using campaign strategies that best appeals to the target consumers, with an intent to persuade them enough to foster patronage. Messages are disseminated to target consumers via the mass media such as television, radio, newspaper, billboard and the Internet. In Nigeria, the story of advertising experience cannot be completely told without the mention of phones Brands in the Nigeria market (Ifeanyi,2014).
Advertising generally works on the audio-visual senses of consumers and thereby set up in their minds a chain of reactions capable of influencing their buying decisions, Nworah (2004) the ease with which advertisements succeed in the process of influencing consumer behaviour will depend highly on the credibility of the message.
Infinix is the most popular mobile brand in Nigeria. Infinix phones offer great specs at affordable prices. Since the launch of the Infinix Zero in 2014, Infinix phones have progressively offered more stylish designs. And now there is an Infinix Zero 4, an Infinix Note 3, an Infinix Hot S and an Infinix Hot 4 among others. Tecno Mobile is a Chinese mobile phone manufacturer. The company began operations in July 2006 in Hong Kong. With its first research and development centre in Shanghai, China, Tecno Mobile was founded as Tecno Telecom Limited, but later changed its name to Transsion Holdings with Tecno Mobile serving as one of its subsidiaries. Tecno focused its business on Africa and the South Asian market. However, following market research conducted in Southeast Asia, Africa and Latin America, the company found that Africa was the most lucrative region. As a result of this, in 2008, it stopped doing business in Asia to exclusively focus on Africa. The tecno camon c8 helped the mobile phone manufacturer compete with market share of Samsung, and Apply in Africa. In the light of the foregoing, this research is set out to examine the influence of advertising on the sales of infinix and techno phones on consumers in Warri metropolis.

1.2. Statement of the Problem
The tempo of present day economic activity is such that advertising has assumed an important role in the realization of corporate goals and through that, the overall achievements of growth targets for the economy, large sums of money have been spent in attempting to justify and measure the impact of advertising in our growing economy. Yet it has not been possible to measure the effectiveness of advertisement in a given marketing programme. In a given market situation, advertising plays a large or small role depending upon circumstances
However, despite the potency of advertising in the growth of business and sale of products, some problems are associated with the consumer awareness of techno and infinix phones products and the actual influence on advertising on their patronage. Some of the problems encountered in the course of advertising mobile products are; the problem of how to communicate with their audience of different demographic and psychographic trends; the problem of the appropriate media to use that the audience will have access to act all time; the problem of the appropriate time to reach the target audience, and the problem of the actual impact of advertising on consumers and how to determine such impact. These are the hitches encountered in advertising mobile phones products and measuring of its impact on consumer. Therefore, it is pertinent to ask, what is the actual influence of advertising on the sales of infinix and techno phones on consumer in Warri?

1.3 Objectives of the Study
The study is anchored on the following objectives
i. To determine whether consumer buy infinix or techno phones due to TV commercials.
ii. To ascertain consumers perception of infinix and techno phones TV commercials.
iii. To determine the influence of TV commercials on the Techno and Infnix potential customer in Warri metropolis.
1.4 Research Questions
Arising from the research objective the following research question guide the study
i. Do consumer buy infinix or techno phones due to TV commercials
ii. Do consumers perception of infinix and techno phones TV commercials
iii. What are the impacts of the TV commercials on the Techno and Infnix potential customers in Warri metropolis?
1.5. Scope of the Study
The scope of this study is to determine the influence of TV advertisements on Techno and Infnix phones on residents of Warri metropolis. In a broad sense, the area of this study covers Warri metropolis.

1.6 Significance of the Study
The significance of this study is of importance to the University community since it will add to existing research on advertising and consumer preference in phone consumption. It will also add as a source of reference material to other researcher who will embark on similar research area
1.7. Operational Definitions of Terms
1.7.1. Advertising: This is the means through which Etisalat present, communicate and promote sales of its products to prospects through the media.
1.7.2. Commercial: this may refer to paid classified messages in newspapers, magazines, flyers, billboards, and paid announcements over radio and television
1.7.3. Consumer: A consumer is a person or organization that uses economic services or commodities
1.7.4. Influence: may refer to social influence, in social psychology, influence in interpersonal relationships.
1.7.5. Sales: this is the exchange of a commodity or money as the price of a good or a service.
Television: This is the activity, profession or medium through which Etisalat mobile broadcast on television.



ABSTRACT
The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of influence of advertising on the sales of infinix and techno phones on consumers in warri metropolis, Communication is at the heart of all human activities, and marketing is not an exception. However, despite the potency of advertising in the growth of business and sale of products, some problems are associated with the consumer awareness of techno and infinix phones products and the actual influence on advertising on their patronage. Thus in other to scientifically proffer solution to the research study the following research question were formulated to guide the study, Do consumer buy infinix or techno phones due to TV commercials, do consumers perception of infinix and techno phones TV commercials, What are the impacts of the TV commercials on the Techno and Infnix potential customers in Warri metropolis?. the survey sampling methods was adopted as the research design while eighty copies of the research instrument which on this case was the self design questionnaire was distribute and seventy four copies of the distributed questionnaire retrieved and were subsequently used to analyse the research questions. Result emanating from the study revealed that A great number of people in Warri metropolis are exposed to Infinix and Techno television advertising, and they have high very high rate of exposure to Infinix and Techno television TV commercial.
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background to the Study
Communication is at the heart of all human activities (Baran, 2010), and marketing is not an exception (Adeleke and Aminu, 2012). Among the various marketing activities is advertising which employs communication to create publicity and persuasion around a product or service with the view to achieving consumer patronage. Advertising communication could be done via the mass media or interpersonal channels or both depending on the circumstances of specific markets and the objectives of the advertiser. It is an indubitable fact that the success of every product is traceable to the objective use of an advertising campaign, while it may sometimes be the case that the turnover of a product can be achieved through manipulation of information, knowing full well that consumers may be influenced and swayed by the hypes about the product. It therefore follows that to fully realize the potentials and usefulness which advertising may bring, it must be one that is truthful, objective, and totally captures the product vis –a –vis the consumers to whom the message is targeted (Chioma, Morgan, Onuiri, and Ogungbamigbe, 2016).
Advertising messages are designed using campaign strategies that best appeals to the target consumers, with an intent to persuade them enough to foster patronage. Messages are disseminated to target consumers via the mass media such as television, radio, newspaper, billboard and the Internet. In Nigeria, the story of advertising experience cannot be completely told without the mention of phones Brands in the Nigeria market (Ifeanyi,2014).
Advertising generally works on the audio-visual senses of consumers and thereby set up in their minds a chain of reactions capable of influencing their buying decisions, Nworah (2004) the ease with which advertisements succeed in the process of influencing consumer behaviour will depend highly on the credibility of the message.
Infinix is the most popular mobile brand in Nigeria. Infinix phones offer great specs at affordable prices. Since the launch of the Infinix Zero in 2014, Infinix phones have progressively offered more stylish designs. And now there is an Infinix Zero 4, an Infinix Note 3, an Infinix Hot S and an Infinix Hot 4 among others. Tecno Mobile is a Chinese mobile phone manufacturer. The company began operations in July 2006 in Hong Kong. With its first research and development centre in Shanghai, China, Tecno Mobile was founded as Tecno Telecom Limited, but later changed its name to Transsion Holdings with Tecno Mobile serving as one of its subsidiaries. Tecno focused its business on Africa and the South Asian market. However, following market research conducted in Southeast Asia, Africa and Latin America, the company found that Africa was the most lucrative region. As a result of this, in 2008, it stopped doing business in Asia to exclusively focus on Africa. The tecno camon c8 helped the mobile phone manufacturer compete with market share of Samsung, and Apply in Africa. In the light of the foregoing, this research is set out to examine the influence of advertising on the sales of infinix and techno phones on consumers in Warri metropolis.

1.2. Statement of the Problem
The tempo of present day economic activity is such that advertising has assumed an important role in the realization of corporate goals and through that, the overall achievements of growth targets for the economy, large sums of money have been spent in attempting to justify and measure the impact of advertising in our growing economy. Yet it has not been possible to measure the effectiveness of advertisement in a given marketing programme. In a given market situation, advertising plays a large or small role depending upon circumstances
However, despite the potency of advertising in the growth of business and sale of products, some problems are associated with the consumer awareness of techno and infinix phones products and the actual influence on advertising on their patronage. Some of the problems encountered in the course of advertising mobile products are; the problem of how to communicate with their audience of different demographic and psychographic trends; the problem of the appropriate media to use that the audience will have access to act all time; the problem of the appropriate time to reach the target audience, and the problem of the actual impact of advertising on consumers and how to determine such impact. These are the hitches encountered in advertising mobile phones products and measuring of its impact on consumer. Therefore, it is pertinent to ask, what is the actual influence of advertising on the sales of infinix and techno phones on consumer in Warri?

1.3 Objectives of the Study
The study is anchored on the following objectives
i. To determine whether consumer buy infinix or techno phones due to TV commercials.
ii. To ascertain consumers perception of infinix and techno phones TV commercials.
iii. To determine the influence of TV commercials on the Techno and Infnix potential customer in Warri metropolis.
1.4 Research Questions
Arising from the research objective the following research question guide the study
i. Do consumer buy infinix or techno phones due to TV commercials
ii. Do consumers perception of infinix and techno phones TV commercials
iii. What are the impacts of the TV commercials on the Techno and Infnix potential customers in Warri metropolis?
1.5. Scope of the Study
The scope of this study is to determine the influence of TV advertisements on Techno and Infnix phones on residents of Warri metropolis. In a broad sense, the area of this study covers Warri metropolis.

1.6 Significance of the Study
The significance of this study is of importance to the University community since it will add to existing research on advertising and consumer preference in phone consumption. It will also add as a source of reference material to other researcher who will embark on similar research area
1.7. Operational Definitions of Terms
1.7.1. Advertising: This is the means through which Etisalat present, communicate and promote sales of its products to prospects through the media.
1.7.2. Commercial: this may refer to paid classified messages in newspapers, magazines, flyers, billboards, and paid announcements over radio and television
1.7.3. Consumer: A consumer is a person or organization that uses economic services or commodities
1.7.4. Influence: may refer to social influence, in social psychology, influence in interpersonal relationships.
1.7.5. Sales: this is the exchange of a commodity or money as the price of a good or a service.
Television: This is the activity, profession or medium through which Etisalat mobile broadcast on television.