Prime Health

Some causes of Kidney diseases

1. Delaying Micturition.
Keeping urine in the bladder for too long is not encouraged, it can lead to bladder damage. Urine left in the bladder multiplies bacteria quickly and once the urine refluxes back to the ureter and kidneys, the toxic substances can result in kidney infections, urinary tract infections, Nephritis, and Uremia.
2. Eating too much salt.
One of the functions of the kidney is elimination of excess water from the body. This requires a balance of sodium and potassium in the body to pull the water across the wall from the bloodstream into a collecting channel in the kidney. A high salt diet will alter this sodium balance, causing the kidneys to have reduced function, hence less water is removed resulting in higher blood pressure. This puts strain on the kidneys and can lead to kidney disease.
In addition, a high salt intake has been shown to increase the amount of protein in the urine which is a major risk factor for a decline in kidney function. A 5.8 grams of salt daily consumption is recommended.
3. Eating too much Meat.
Animal protein generates high amounts of acid such in the blood that can be harmful to the kidneys and cause acidosis – a condition in which kidneys cannot eliminate acid fast enough. Protein is needed for growth, upkeep and repair of all parts of the body but your diet should be well balanced with fruits and vegetables.
4. Drinking too much caffeine. Caffeine is a component of many sodas and soft drinks. It raises your blood pressure and your kidneys start suffering. So you should cut down the amount of soft you consume daily.
5. Not drinking Enough water.
Our kidneys should be hydrated properly to perform their functions well. If we don’t drink enough, the toxins can start accumulating in the blood, as there isn’t enough fluid to drain them through the kidneys. Drink more than 10 glasses of water daily. There is an easy way to check if you are drinking
enough water: look at the colour of your urine; the lighter the colour, the better.
6. Overusing Painkillers
OTP medicines, such as NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) and Analgesics, can harm the kidneys, especially if it is already diseased. Avoid regular use of NSAIDs and never take more than the recommended dosage.
7. Eating Processed Foods
Processed foods are significant sources of sodium and phosphorus. Studies have shown that high phosphorus intake from processed foods in people without kidney disease may be harmful to their kidneys and bones.
8. Not Drinking Enough Water
Staying well hydrated helps your kidneys clear sodium and toxins from the body. Drinking plenty of water is also one of the best ways to avoid painful kidney stones. Take up 1.5 to 2 liters (3 to 4 pints) of water per day.
However people with kidney problems may need to restrict their fluid intake.
9. Missing Out on Sleep
A good night’s rest is extremely important to your overall well-being. Kidney function is regulated by the sleep-wake cycle which helps coordinate the kidneys’ workload over 24 hours.
10. Eating Foods High in Sugar.
High blood Sugar contributes to obesity which increases the risk of developing high blood pressure and diabetes (two of the leading causes of kidney disease). Always pay attention to the ingredients when buying packaged goods to avoid added sugar in your diet.
11. Long period of sitting.
Sitting for long periods of time has been linked to the development of kidney disease. Although researchers don’t know yet why or how sedentary time or physical activity directly impact kidney health, it is known that greater physical activity is associated with improved blood pressure and glucose metabolism, both important factors in kidney health.
Don't forget that high consumption of Alcohol as well as Heavy Smoking has also been linked with kidney disease
Health is Wealth.

Staphylococcus Aureus

Of all of the many common staphylococcal bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus is the most dangerous. It is a gram-positive, sphere-shaped (coccal) bacteria which usually cause skin infections suchlike. blisters, abscesses, inflamation and swelling in the infected area.
Apart from skin infection, Staphylococcus aureus can also cause bone infections, Pneumonia and heart valve infections.
The bacteria is often temporarily present in the nose of about thirty percent of healthy adults and on the skin of about twenty percent. The percentages are higher for Health Workers and for hospital patients. Health workers are often carriers. Carriers are people who have the bacteria but do not have any symptoms caused by the bacteria. Carriers can move the bacteria from their nose to other body parts with their hands and can cause infections.
The bacteria can spread from person to person by direct contact, through contaminated objects such as Mobilephones, door k***s, electronic and remote controls. It also spreads through inhalation of infected droplets dispersed by sneezing or coughing.

Link between Maternal sugar intake and allergic asthma in offspring.

A new research revealed a relationship between a mother's consumption of sugars during pregnancy and the risk of her offspring developing asthma.

Sugars Varieties

In the United States, 18.4 million adults and 6.2million children presently are asthmatic according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).
Also, earlier studies indicate an association between a high intake of sugary soft drinks and the onset of asthma in children aged 11. It has been shown that the risk of childhood asthma is considerably raised by consumption of soft drinks with added sugar.
A new study examined the association between maternal sugar intake and her offspring's chances of developing asthma, but the link between maternal intake of sugar and her offspring's risk of asthma has not been grossly investigated. This development has prompted a team of researchers from Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), in collaboration with scientists from the University of Bristol, both in the Uk to commence a research on whether there was such a link.
The research was led by Prof. Seif Shaheen of QMUL, and the findings were published in the European Respiratory Journal.
The research team examined nearly 9,000 mother-child pairs, whose data had been recorded as part of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, which is a large cohort study carried out in the U.K. The study tracked the health of 14,500 children born to almost 9,000 mothers in Britain from 1991 to 1992.
Thy examined the links between pregnant mothers' consumption of free sugars (monosaccharides and disaccharides that were added to foods and drinks, and sugars that occur naturally in honey, syrups, and fruit juices) and allergies.
The result showed that allergy and allergic asthma correlated strongly with the mothers' free sugar intake during pregnancy. However, the study did not find enough evidence for an association between free sugar intake in pregnancy and asthma overall. It also revealed a 38 percent increase in the risk of allergies, as well as a 101 percent increase in the risk of allergic asthma, for children whose mothers had the highest sugar intake.
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Pelvic inflammatory diseases, Part 3.

Symptoms
In some persons, Pelvic inflammatory disease may not present any signs or symptoms. The following symptoms may arise in serious conditions of PID - Fever or chills, Unusual foul va**na discharge, Painful and frequent urination, abdominal pain, Fainting and vomiting, malaise (feeling of tiredness), pain during s*xual inter course, irregular. and long lasting periods.

Complications
Some complications that may arise following the infection of pelvic inflammatory disease include Infertility, Abscess in fallopian tubes and ovaries, Ectopic pregnancy (implantation of fertilized egg in either of the fallopian tubes rather than inside the womb), long-term pain around the abdomen and in the pelvic region, recurrent pelvic inflammatory disorders.

Treatment
Antibiotics: First consult your doctor. The doctor after laboratory tests, may prefer medicines based on the severity of the infection. Antibiotic treatment prevents serious complications buy doesn’t give any damage.
Some of the antibiotic which is commonly prescribed by doctors are Ofloxacin, Metronidazole, Ceftriaxone and Doxycycline. The antibiotics may be prescribed in two combinations as may be applicable to the particular client.

Note: In every treatment of s*xually transmitted infections, your partner should be tested and treated before having s*x.

Temporary abstinence: Avoid s*xual in*******se until end of the course of treatment and tests indicate negative.

Prevention
The only way to prevent PID s*xual abstinence. However, safe s*x (having s*xual relationship with only one person) is one of the best preventive measure against PID. Also it is advisable to use condom correctly during s*xual in*******se as a preventive measure.

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Pelvic inflammatory Disease Part 2: Causes & Predisposing Factors

PID are usually due to s*xually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea and chlamydia. It can also be transmitted from the non-s*xually transmitted infections such as bacterial vaginosis. Also the rupture of an appendix or ruptured bowel infections can cause PID. Other causes are unprotected s*x, termination of pregnancy or childbirth.

Predisposing Factors

• As a result of childbirth, abortion or miscarriage the va**nal mouth may be remain unclosed thereby exposes the reproductive organs to bacteria infection.
• The use of intrauterine device (IUD) which is a type of family planning method may increase the risk of developing PID.
• History of STDs
• An endometrial biopsy may also increase the risk of PID due to some bacterial infections during the biopsy.
• Appendicitis: infection from appendices can spread over the pelvic regions to cause PID.
• Douching: frequent washing or cleaning out the va**na with water or other mixtures of fluids predisposes one to developing PID.
• Women who have multiple s*xual partners, and s*xually active women (under 25yrs) are usually vulnerable to PID infections.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease, Part 1: Introduction

The pelvic inflammatory disease is the inflammation of female reproductive organs such as the uterus, ovaries, cervix, endometrium, and the fallopian tubes, due to the infection of s*xually transmitted bacteria. Sometimes it also caused by the normal bacteria present in the va**na. This bacterium enters via the va**na and reaches to the uterus, fallopian tube, and ovaries. If PID is not treated for long-term, then it can lead to the formation of scars with fibrous band growth between the surrounding organs and tissues.
The pelvic inflammatory disease is the inflammation of female reproductive organs such as the uterus, ovaries, cervix, endometrium, and the fallopian tubes, due to the infection of s*xually transmitted bacteria. Sometimes it also caused by the normal bacteria present in the va**na. This bacterium enters via the va**na and reaches to the uterus, fallopian tube, and ovaries. If PID is not treated for long-term, then it can lead to the formation of scars with fibrous band growth between the surrounding organs and tissues.

Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an infection of the lungs with a range of possible causes. It can be a serious and life-threatening disease.
It normally starts with a bacterial, viral, or fungal infection.

The lungs become inflamed, and the tiny air sacs, or alveoli, inside the lungs fill up with fluid.

Pneumonia can occur in young and healthy people, but it is most dangerous for older adults, infants, people with other diseases, and those with impaired immune systems.

Preventing Amenorrhea

A woman can prevent the amenorrhea by following programs

Sensible exercise programs
Maintaining body weight
Proper diet maintenance
The conditions when amenorrhea occurs due to genetic or during inborn cannot be prevented.

Amenorrhea : Treatment and medications

The treatment depends on the cause of the amenorrhea as well as the health status of the person. The primary amenorrhea is the late puberty so it doesn’t manage or treated. This condition will go off later. Some of the causes can be managed by drug therapies such as follows:

Dopamine agonist such as bromocriptine (Parlodel) or pergolide (Permax) is effective for treating hyperprolactinemia. It restores the normal endocrine function and ovulation
Metformin (Glucophage) to induce ovulation in women’s with polycystic o***y syndrome
In some cases, oral contraceptives may be prescribed to restore the menstrual cycle and to provide estrogen replacement to women with amenorrhea who do not wish to become pregnant. Before administering oral contraceptives, withdrawal bleeding is induced with an injection of progesterone or oral administration of 5-10 mg of medroxyprogesterone (Provera) for 10 days
Hormone replacement therapy can be used for the women who have low level of estrogen and progesterone
Some of the surgery options are preferred by the physician when in extreme cases such as

Surgery may require for some pituitary and hypothalamic tumor in some cases by radiotherapy
Women with intrauterine adhesions require dissolution of the scar tissue.
Surgical procedures required for other ge***al tract abnormalities depend on the specific clinical situation.

Amenorrhea: symptoms and Complications

The symptom of amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual cycle. You might experience symptoms other than the absence of menstrual cycle such as follows:

Milky discharge from breast who is not the pregnant (Galactorrhea) and changes in breast size
Reduced peripheral vision
Weight gain or weight loss may happen
Women may have psychological abnormalities with excessive anxiety
Vaginal dryness and pelvic pain
Increased hair growth in male pattern due to the androgen production
Acne and facial hair growth
Hair loss

Complications

Some of the complications may arise such as:

Infertility ( ovulation doesn’t take place so you will not get pregnant)
Reduction in bone density cause weakness of bones (osteopenia or osteoporosis)

AMENORRHEA
Amenorrhea is the disappearance of me**es in who are at the reproductive stage. But it is common in prepubertal, postmenopausal, and pregnant woman. It also ceases in the women when they are breastfeeding. Around the age of 50, mensuration stops permanently. However, it is a health problem rather than the disease.

Types of amenorrhoea

There are two types: Primary and Secondary amenorrhea.

Primary amenorrhea

Mensuration that does not occur at the puberty stage is referred as primary amenorrhea. Primary amenorrhea can be diagnosed if a patient has normal secondary s*xual characteristics, but no menarche by 16 years of age. If a patient has no secondary s*xual characteristics and no menarche, primary amenorrhea can be diagnosed as early as 14 years of age.

Secondary amenorrhea

The cessation of me**es for 3 months at any time after the menarche has occurred is referred to as secondary amenorrhea. This is normal during pregnancy, lactation, and menopausal age. Sometimes secondary amenorrhea may also occur for 6 months in women who already have normal periods. Secondary amenorrhea is the more common than the primary amenorrhea. Amenorrhea that occurs more than 9 months is called as oligomenorrhea.