Database edu

WEEK ONE
TOPIC: INTRODUCTION TO CIVIC EDUCATION
Civic education or citizenship education is that subject that teach Nigeria youths their duties and right to become good followers and responsible future leaders. It indicates in them the right values, positive attitudes and behaviour that are embraced in the society.
Civic education expose students to necessary awareness of democratic values that will enable them make useful contribution to social – political development of their nation in particular and the world at large.
NEEDS FOR CIVIC EDUCATION
It inculcates in its scholars the relevance of nationalism and patriotism as well as solution to the multi – dimensional problems of Nigeria.
It inculcates in them the consciousness and awareness of democratic values, social political institutions and citizens rights and duties to the society.
To assist the governments in serving the citizens well by providing basic infrastructural facilities that will rise their standard of living.
To re-orientates the citizens to imbibe positive values that will assist the economic growth and development throughout the nation
To educate citizens on how to fight for their right if any government goes contrary to the constitution.
OBJECTIVES OF CIVIC EDUCATION IN SCHOOLS
The school is a place where students come to acquire knowledge for potential actualization and self development. The following are the importance of civic education in schools:
To receive instruction and learn about emergency of issues; so that student will be able to solve them.
To emphasize the instruction of government, its functions and responsibilities to the people and vice-versa.
To promote inter-relationship between man/woman, man/man, woman/woman, the government and the society.
To assist the student in acquiring knowledge, attitudes, values and basic skills to become responsible and disciplined citizens.
To enable student realise day to day societal living at their critical age of thinking and reasoning about

Word shortcut keys

Ctrl + A -- Select all contents of the page.
Ctrl + B -- Bold highlighted selection.
Ctrl + C -- Copy selected text.
Ctrl + X -- Cut selected text.
Ctrl + N -- Open new/blank document.
Ctrl + O -- Open options.
Ctrl + P -- Open the print window.
Ctrl + F -- Open find box.
Ctrl + I -- Italicise highlighted selection.
Ctrl + K -- Insert link.
Ctrl + U -- Underline highlighted selection.
Ctrl + V -- Paste.
Ctrl + Y -- Redo the last action performed.
Ctrl + Z -- Undo last action.

WORD PROCESSING
Word processing refers to creating, editing, formatting, storing and printing a typed text called document. To do this, a word processor or word processing software is needed. Examples of word processors are Microsoft Word, Note pad, etc.

In some organizations, word processors have virtually replaced typewriters as a means of producing documents.

Advantages of word processing

Word processing has a lot of advantages over using a type-writer to type documents. These include:

Easier formatting of documents.

Ease of correcting and editing documents.

Pictures, diagrams and other graphics can easily be inserted into documents.

One can easily copy the format or design of an existing document and use it in a new document.

Text and graphics can be moved around easily within a document.

Word processing allows us to have a more colourful and attractive document design.

It is easy to type special characters such as superscript, subscript, etc. using a word processor.

Examples of word processors

Microsoft word.

Word perfect.

Word star.

Ami pro.

Note pad.

Uses of a word processor

Computerized typewriting.

Creation of document.

Spelling and grammar checking.

Finding and replacing text strings.

Creating indexes and table of contents automatically.

Creating table, graphs and inserting pictures.

Duplicating texts, pictures and graphs.

Basic computer operation ii

Types of booting

1. Cold booting (Hard booting): This is the process of turning the computer system

ON by pressing the power of the system unit and the monitor.

2. Warm booting (Soft booting): This is the process when the operating system alone is restarted (without being switched off) after a system crash or freeze. On PCs, warm booting is done by pressing the Control, Alt, and Delete keys simultaneously.

Both types of booting clear out (for the time being) the bugs, bombs, memory

conflicts , and other idiosyncrasies (peculiarities) of the operating system.

Difference between Cold Booting and Warm Booting

Cold Warm

1. Use of power-switch is involved in Cold 2.Booting While Warm Booting It involved short cut keys e.g. (CTRL+ALT+DEL)

3. Cold Booting is done when the system is already off Wille in Warm Booting CPU continuous running

4. CPU stops working in Cold Booting While CPU continuous running in Warm Booting

5. Memory and BIOS are reset Memory in Cold While Booting and BIOS are not reset in Warm Booting.

2023 third term computer studies
Topic basic computer operation

Basic Computer Operations for SS1
Definition of Booting
In computing, booting (also known as “booting up”) is a bootstrapping (self-starting) process that starts the operating system when the user turns on a computer system. Booting can also be defined as the initial set of operations that the computer performs when power is switched on.

Description of the Booting process

When the computer’s power is first turned on, the CPU (Central Processing Unit) initializes itself to look for the system’s ROM BIOS (Read Only Memory Basic Input Output System) which is the first program that runs every time the computer is turned on. The BIOS performs the Power-On Self-Test (POST), which begins by checking the BIOS chip and then test CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) RAM.

Week 3(continues)

Types of the informative system include:
i. Data processing system
ii. A global positioning system (GPS). GPS is a satellite-
based navigating system.
Satellite communication
A satellite is an object that moves around a larger object.
Satellite communication, in telecommunication, is the use
of artificial satellites to provide communication links
between various points on Earth. Approximately 2,000
artificial satellites orbiting Earth relay analogue and digital
signals carrying voice, video and data from one or many
locations worldwide.

2023 computer studies third term (ss1) week 3
Topic communication system (continues)
Broadcasting
Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and video content
to a dispersed audience via any electronic mass
communication medium. Types of broadcasting include
Radio broadcasting, Television broadcasting, Satellite TV
system broadcasting and Webcasting.
Telecommunication
Telecommunication is the transmission of information over
a significant distance, for communication. A basic
telecommunication system consists of three primary units;
a transmitter, a transmitting medium and the receiver.
Types of telecommunication systems include:
o Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) – landline.
o Mobile phone (GSM)
o Circuit Switched Packet Telephone (CSPT)
o Satellite Telephone
o Fixed Wireless Telephone
Data Network
Data network is an electronic communication process that
allows for orderly transmission and receptivity of data only.
Types of Data Networks
• Personal Area Network (PAN): It refers to the
interconnection of information technology devices or
gadgets within the environment of an individual user
(typically within 10 meters). PAN may be wired with the
computer such as USB and Firewire. A wireless Personal
Area Network (WPAN) can be made possible with network
technology such as infrared Data Association (irDA) and
Bluetooth.
• Local Area Network (LAN): A local area network is a
computer network covering a small local area, like a home,
office, or school.
• Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): MANs are large
computer networks usually spanning a large campus.
• Wide Area Network (WAN): WAN is a computer network
covering a broad geographical area.
• Internet: The internet is a worldwide network of
computers that share information
Information Systems
Information system is an integrated set of components for
collecting, storing, processing and communicating
information.

2023 third term computer studies (ss1) week 1-2
Topic :communication system
Meaning of ICT
ICT is an acronym that stands for Information and
Communication Technology.
Information is referred to knowledge obtained from reading,
investigating, studying and researching. It can also be
defined as processed data.
Communication is an act of transmitting messages.
Technology is the application of scientific knowledge for
practical purposes, especially in industry.
Definition of ICT
ICT can therefore be defined as technologies that provide
access to information through telecommunication.
It is also defined as the use of a diverse set of
technological tools and resources to communicate, create,
disseminate, store and manage information.
Communication strategies in ICT
There are two types of communication strategies in ICT:
1. Synchronous communication
This is a communication strategy where all parties involved
in the communication need to be present and available at
the same time. E.g. online chat, video conferencing, etc.
2. Asynchronous communication
Asynchronous communication does not require that all
parties involved need to be present and available at the
same time. E.g. Discussion forum, Blogs e-group, etc.
Types of ICT
The following are types of ICT:
1. Broadcasting
2. Telecommunication
3. Data network
4. Information system
5. Satellite communication

Part B
(iii) Third Generation Computers (1964-1971)
The third generation computers were more reliable than
the earlier ones. They are called mini-computers

Features of Third Generation Computers
1. Integrated Circuits (ICs) were used to replace
transistors. A single Integrated Circuit (ICs) contains
many transistors and led to the reduction in size of
third generation computers.
2. Power consumption of third generation computers is
low
3. Faster processing speed
4. Increased in internal memory and improved secondary
storage.

Examples of third generation computers are –
IBM360/370, etc
Fourth Generation Computers (1972-1989)
Fourth generation computers are the modern day
computers. They are called micro-computers.

Features of Fourth Generation Computers
1. They are made of Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI)
and Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) circuits’
technology.
2. Many components were joined together to form a
single component called micro-processor (microchip).
3. This generation of computers used efficient data
storage technology.
4. This generation of computers uses different types of
memories with very high accessing speed and storage
capacity.
Examples are – desktops, laptops, palmtops, etc

Fifth Generation Computers
The fifth generation computers perform complex
manipulation at the same time.

Features of Fifth Generation Computers
1. They are used in parallel processing of information
e.g. mobile communication systems.
2. They are used in speech recognition for highly
secured and sensitive locations, e.g. Nuclear Plant
3. These generation of computers have the capacity of
making decision e.g. intelligent robots used in
Japanese Industries
4. These generation of computers used artificial
intelligence, the ability of computers to exhibit
intelligent behaviour like human beings.

Examples of fifth generation computers are Industrial
Robots, unmanned aircrafts,

Part A
Ss1
Week 4
Topic
Generations of Computers

The continuous development of electronic counting
devices led to the invention of modern computers. There
are five generations of computers. These are:

First Generation Computers
Second Generation Computers
Third Generation Computers
Fourth Generation Computers
Fifth Generation Computers
(i) First Generation Computers (1946-1955)
The first generation computers were invented during the
Second World War to design bombs and missiles.

Features of First Generation Computers
1. Use of vacuum tubes
2. very big and clumsy
3. High electricity consumption
4. Very slow processing speed
5. Programmed in machine language

Examples of first generation computers are:
1. Colossus – used by Great Britain during the second
world war to decode German messages
2. ENIAC – (Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Computer) used by the US Army to calculate ballistic
tables during the second world war
(ii) Second Generation Computers (1956-1963)
The second generation computers were an improvement
on the first generation computers.

Features of Second Generation Computers
1. Transistors were used which make the second
generation computers much more smaller, fasters and
reliable
2. Instructions (programs) could be stored inside the
computer memory
3. High-level languages such as COBOL and FORTRAN
were used
4. They consumed less heat and electricity
5. External storage e.g. magnetic tape and discs were
used

Examples of second generation computers are IBM 1401,
RAC 501

Ss1 Part B
Features Common to Computing Devices

(i) Processors
Every computing device will have the electronic calculator
i.e. processor. This executes calculations from the
instructions given to them in the form of programming
code.
(ii) Programming
Programming is the basic for executing computations.
There can be two kinds of programming for computers
and that are Operating systems and Applications. An
operating system (OS) helps the people to interact with
the computing machine through pressing keys on
keyboard, clicking via mouse and many more. This is
basically a program need for running a system in
appropriate way. Applications also known as apps, are
examples of specialized programs that enable the
computer to carry out specific tasks.
(iii) Data Storage
This is another feature which all the computing devices
have. Data storage is basically storing the programs as
well as data on different memory devices used in the
computing devices today and these programs and data
which are stored can be used later for our needs. There
are different storage devices using today.
Types of General-purpose Computers
There are basically two kinds of General-purpose
computers and they are
1. Multi-user Computers
2. Dedicated Computers
1. Multi-user Computers
As the name suggests that this is a kind of computer that
can handle multi users at a time. Mainframes,
minicomputers, and supercomputers all fall into this
category.
Example of Multi-user computer is the computerized cash
registers in a large retail store, which typically connect to
a multi-user computer that records transactions and
adjusts the store’s stock list database so that all
individual registers are synchronized.
2. Dedicated Computers
Dedicated computers are the computers which can be
used by one user at a time. These computers have
replaced multi-user computers because they are simple
and have less cost. PC (Personal Computer is the most
common dedicated computer these days. A typical PC
has the other peripheral devices.

Part A
Subject data processing
Class ss1
Week two topic.
Computing Devices and their usage

Computing devices are the electronic devices which take
inputs, process the inputs and then calculate results from
the inputs. Or in simple words, these are basically the
mathematical devices which can do the math much in
faster way. One of the most common computing device is
computer which we all know about it.

This is the vast field and it covers huge amount of devices
today which we are using in one or another form and
these devices ranging from the simple Calculator,
Printers, Digital Cameras, Mobile phones, Smart phones ,
PC Desktops, Laptops and many more. These all do the
math calculations on the streams of binary digits (bits i.e.
0 and 1 ) and produce the results in different forms that
we need.