NeuroScopic

Hoy nace uno de los mentores más apreciados del Dr. Carlos Novo, ER John, un matemático muy neuro. Este es el resumen de una platica sobre las bases neurofisiológicas del estado de conciencia en pacientes anestesiados, que dió hace casi más de 17 años en Monterrey. Fue su último evento internacional antes de morir 10 meses después; por lo que realizamos un evento en octubre del 2009 (año en que murió el 28 de febrero) para honrarlo; la imagen es de dicho evento.

Abstract:
A physiological theory of consciousness has been proposed which is derived from data collected during development of a QEEG instrument for the quantification of the level of conscious awareness during induction, maintenance and emergence from surgical anesthesia with a wide variety of agents. Such studies revealed invariant reversible QEEG changes during the loss and return of consciousness which contributed to better understanding of the neurophysiology of anesthetic action. These changes constituted quantifiable departure from and return to the established normative data of the eyes closed EEG, for the chronological age corresponding to that of the patient. In conjunction with existing knowledge of the neurophysiological generation of the EEG and current neurobiological research findings, this enabled development of a model of the neuroanatomical and neurochemical structure of the homeostatic system regulating the frequency composition and other features known to be descriptive of the resting EEG of healthy normally functioning persons independent of their ethnic or cultural background.
It was then postulated that this system not only dynamically stabilizes the steady state of the brain electrical activity, but that consciousness is somehow produced by and depends upon this electrical brain state. The normative QEEG descriptors were considered to define the Ground State of the healthy resting human brain.
Initially, this postulate was supported only by the essentially experimental observations during anesthesia and the observations by others as well as ourselves of QEEG abnormalities relative to normative data consistently found in patients with a wide diversity of altered mental states and their responses to treatment. Successful return of the QEEG to the Ground State has achieved by this approach in two patients in coma after prolonged hypoxia, considered clinically to be permanently vegetative. This theory and the supporting evidence will be presented in a companion symposium at this meeting.

Tener diagnósticos basados en función cerebral es la meta.

On average, it can take seven years for someone with depression to find a treatment that works.

Today's podcast guest, Stanford University Stanford Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Leanne Williams, is working to change that. Her research uses brain imaging to identify different forms of depression and explore how those differences could help guide more targeted treatments.

Williams leads the Stanford PMHW and a new international task force working to transform mental health diagnosis and treatment using biological data and brain imaging.

We discuss what it could take to move mental health care beyond trial and error and toward more precise, personalized treatment.

Listen now: https://neuroscience.stanford.edu/news/how-brain-imaging-transforming-mental-health

¡Ya vamos por la generación 15!

Prevención siempre será la mejor medicina

The World Health Organization (WHO) has launched the second edition of its Guidelines for Risk Reduction of Cognitive Decline and Dementia. can access here: https://bit.ly/4vDXOjF

is pleased to share these updated guidelines, to which members of the ADI team contributed during their development. The guidelines were launched during a WHO-hosted webinar highlighting the latest evidence on dementia risk reduction, including newly recognised evidence-based risk factors and a new framework for grouping risk factors into four categories: behaviours, health conditions and biological states, environmental, and multidomain. This new framework reflects a more holistic understanding of dementia risk and opportunities for intervention.

Joining the launch was ADI Acting CEO, Chris Lynch, who discussed the important role of civil society and dementia advocacy organisations in raising awareness of dementia risk reduction. He also highlighted the importance of integrating dementia into broader messaging around noncommunicable disease (NCD) prevention and risk reduction.

During the webinar, Dr Tarun Dua, WHO Unit Head for Neurological, Sensory and Oral Conditions in the Department of Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health, emphasised the importance of adapting global guidance to local contexts:

"These guidelines are global, but we must go local."

Following the release of these guidelines, ADI invites our global network to join us for a special webinar, "Advancing Dementia Risk Reduction: Implementing the WHO's Updated Guidelines." This live, expert-led session will provide an in-depth overview of the new recommendations and showcase practical examples from national dementia associations, demonstrating how these global guidelines can be successfully implemented at the local level.

Register for the webinar today:
https://bit.ly/4xNkSic

Recerebrando

1x19 El insight del Dr. Carlos Novo. DSM: Etiquetas Inútiles. 🧠 Parece que el psicodiagnóstico sigue siendo cosa del siglo XIX. A pesar del gran avance tecnológico en materia de ciencias biomédicas, seguimos utilizando...

Esto es lo que hacemos en Neuroscopic desde hace más de 16 años.

Biomarcardores con EEG (cuantitativo/normativo) en manifestaciones/trastornos psiquíatricos, desde una perspectiva transdiagnóstica.

Rethinking EEG biomarkers of brain disorders: a transdiagnostic dimensional view.
Abstract
Developing clinically useful brain-based biomarkers remains a central challenge in translational psychiatry and neurology. Traditional approaches focusing on disorder-specific signals have shown limited clinical utility. EEG, a scalable and non-invasive measure of brain function, illustrates the value of an alternative perspective: transdiagnostic and dimensional biomarker development. Here, we use low-frequency activity (LFA) as an illustrative example to demonstrate this framework. We synthesize evidence from 176 EEG studies across chronic pain, migraine, fatigue, and depression and identify increased low-frequency activity (LFA) as the most consistent alteration across studies. Crucially, this absence of disorder specificity does not diminish its clinical value. Instead, it points to shared neural dysfunction, consistent with frameworks of thalamo-cortical dysrhythmia and excitation-inhibition imbalance. These processes may underlie shared symptom dimensions, such as negative affect, cognitive dysfunction, and somatic manifestations. Accordingly, such transdiagnostic, dimensional markers could support prevention, monitoring, stratification, and neuromodulation across disorders, exemplifying precision neuroscience via mechanistically grounded, clinically actionable biomarkers.
Looking ahead, several priorities could accelerate progress. First, large-scale, transdiagnostic datasets that harmonize EEG and clinical data acquisition across neurological and psychiatric populations are essential. Such datasets could capture dimensional symptom patterns across conditions, enabling the identification of both shared and unique neural and clinical signatures. Second, longitudinal and interventional designs are needed to map EEG changes to symptom trajectories and treatment responses, enabling more personalized approaches. For example, these approaches could reveal EEG patterns that predict response to pharmacological or brain stimulation treatments. They could also uncover mechanisms underlying improvement or deterioration across neurological and psychiatric conditions. Third, multimodal integration with imaging or molecular markers could enhance both mechanistic interpretability and predictive power. For instance, linking EEG signatures to neurotransmitter function, white-matter integrity, or molecular pathology could clarify how cellular or biochemical changes shape large-scale brain dynamics and drive clinical symptoms. Furthermore, combining EEG with molecular or other imaging data can enhance the accuracy of models predicting clinical progression or therapeutic response. Together, these strategies can move EEG from a promising research tool to a robust, actionable biomarker platform.

The time is ripe to rethink EEG biomarkers, not as disorder-bound correlates, but as dimensional markers that connect neural mechanisms with clinical actionability, advancing the vision of precision medicine in neuroscience.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41398-026-04187-z

¡Se les desea la mejor salud cerebral, génesis de toda felicidad!

👌🏼

Depression Depression is a common illness that affects people within every society around the world. It afflicts the young and the old and everyone in between, and as such poses an immense global burden. New interventions and a deeper understanding of this illness are emerging, but improving the use of existin...

Las epilepsias. Una guía práctica de la nueva clasificación del 2025.

A practical guide to the updated seizure classification 2025.

Abstract
This paper provides a practical guide to applying the updated seizure classification in clinical settings. The updated classification, published by the International League Against Epilepsy in 2025, builds on the operational classification introduced in 2017. It aims to enhance clarity, clinical relevance, and consistency in seizure terminology across various healthcare settings. The classification system distinguishes between four main seizure classes: focal, generalized, unknown whether focal or generalized, and unclassified. The basic version allows for application even in resource-limited or primary care environments, while the expanded version offers detailed semiological descriptors and supports advanced diagnostic and surgical decision-making. Consciousness, defined through awareness (recall) and responsiveness, is now considered a classifier. The paper also highlights the importance of distinguishing observable from non-observable features and integrates semiology into the expanded classification with attention to temporal sequence and somatotopic detail. Generalized seizures are categorized into seizure types having a direct impact on syndrome diagnosis and treatment decisions. Epileptic spasms are given special attention because of their unique presentation and the urgency of early intervention, particularly in infants. To support clinical implementation, this paper includes a comprehensive table of semiological descriptors, definitions of generalized seizure types, and a series of real-world case vignettes illustrating the application of the updated seizure classification. Supplementary figures and videos further support the educational aims of the paper. This practical guide is intended for healthcare professionals managing patients with epilepsy, providing a clear, structured approach to seizure classification that is adaptable to varying levels of clinical expertise and diagnostic resources.

A practical guide to the updated seizure classification 2025 This paper provides a practical guide to applying the updated seizure classification in clinical settings. The updated classification, published by the International League Against Epilepsy in 2025, ...

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