Medi Clini Lab Pharmaco Guide

LIPOPROTEIN a

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𝐃𝐈𝐌𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐀
dementia meaning

Dementia is a syndrome involving a progressive decline in cognitive functions like memory, thinking, reasoning, and language, severe enough to disrupt daily life. It is not a normal part of aging but results from diseases or brain damage that affect nerve cells. [1][2]
# # Key Characteristics
Dementia encompasses various symptoms beyond memory loss, including confusion, personality changes, mood swings, and difficulties with problem-solving or social abilities. These arise when brain neurons stop functioning, lose connections, or die, often worsening over time from mild to severe stages requiring full care. [1][5]
# # Common Causes
Alzheimer's disease is the leading cause, followed by vascular dementia from impaired blood flow. Other types stem from conditions like Parkinson's, Lewy body disease, or frontotemporal disorders, with abnormal brain changes destroying cells. [4][7]
This image contrasts a healthy brain with one severely affected by Alzheimer's, showing atrophy, enlarged ventricles, and tissue loss typical in advanced dementia. [10]

𝐋𝐚𝐛 𝐢𝐧𝐯𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐢𝐠𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧𝐬 𝐫𝐞𝐪𝐮𝐞𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐬𝐣𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐫𝐞𝐧'𝐬 𝐬𝐝𝐲𝐧𝐝𝐫𝐨𝐦𝐞

For suspected **Sjögren’s (Sjogren’s) syndrome**, lab investigations are requested to confirm autoimmune exocrine‑gland dysfunction and to assess systemic involvement. [2][8][9] The main tests are a panel of **autoimmune serology, inflammatory markers, and ancillary blood/urine tests**, combined with gland‑function studies and sometimes biopsy. [3][7][5]

# # # Core autoimmune and inflammatory tests
- **ANA (antinuclear antibody)**: often positive; used as a general screen for connective‑tissue disease. [3][2][5]
- **Anti‑SSA (Ro) and anti‑SSB (La)**: key disease‑associated antibodies; positive in a majority of Sjögren’s patients. [3][8][1]
- **Rheumatoid factor (RF)**: frequently elevated, especially in patients with co‑existing rheumatoid arthritis. [2][8][4]
- **ESR and CRP**: to detect systemic inflammation (though not specific to Sjögren’s). [6][4][5]

# # # Full‑blood and organ‑function labs
- **CBC with differential and platelets**: to check for cytopenias or lymphoma‑like patterns. [6][4][9]
- **Renal and hepatic function**:
- Urea, creatinine, electrolytes, LFTs (AST, ALT, ALP, bilirubin). [6][5][4]
- **Urinalysis and urine protein/creatinine ratio**: to screen for renal involvement (e.g., tubulointerstitial nephritis). [6][4][9]

# # # Immunoglobulins and other markers
- **Quantitative immunoglobulins (IgG, IgM, IgA)**: polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia is common; paraprotein or monoclonal spike may raise lymphoma concern. [1][5][9]
- **HIV and hepatitis C serology** (sometimes requested): to exclude viral causes of dryness or parotid swelling. [4][9]

# # # Gland‑function and biopsy “lab‑type” tests
Although not classic “blood labs,” these are routinely ordered as part of the investigative work‑up:
- **Schirmer test** and **ocular surface staining** for dry eye. [3][8][7]
- **Unstimulated whole salivary flow rate** for dry mouth. [2][8][9]
- **Labial (minor) s

𝐇𝐘𝐏𝐎𝐓𝐄𝐍𝐓𝐈𝐎𝐍

𝐀𝐍𝐓𝐄𝐍𝐀𝐓𝐀𝐋 𝐂𝐀𝐑𝐄
First-trimester antenatal care tests and screenings aim to confirm pregnancy, assess maternal health, detect infections, and identify risks early. These align with WHO recommendations and are adapted in Sri Lanka for routine use at booking visits (ideally before 12 weeks).��Routine Blood TestsFull blood count checks for anemia (hemoglobin

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කෝවිලක් මුහුදින් රැකගන්න නගර සභාව බරටම වැඩ!

එක රටක් නීති දෙකක් !

සැඩ රළ හේතුවෙන් තිරිකුණාමලය, පත්තානම්බර් කෝවිල දැඩි ලෙස සමුද්‍ර ඛාදනයට ලක්ව ඇතැයි වාර්තා වෙයි.

මෙම කෝවිල රැක ගැනීම වෙනුවෙන් තිරිකුණාමලය මහ නගර සභාව මැදිහත්ව ඇතැයි සමාජ මාධ්‍ය වාර්තා කරයි.

දැල් සහිත ගල් වැටී දමමින් සහ තාවකාලික වැලි කොට්ට තබමින් කෝවිල ආරක්ෂා කර ගැනීමට පිරිසක් කටයුතු කරන ආකාරය දැක්වෙන ඡායාරූප සමාජ මාධ්‍යවල සංසරණය වෙයි.

කෙසේ වුවද තිරිකුණාමලය බෝධිරාජ විහාරයේ සුනාමියට හසුව විනාශ වූ පැරණි ධර්මශාලාවෙහි පාදම මත බුදු පිළිමයක් තැබීමට එරෙහිව නීතිය ක්‍රියාත්මක කළ වෙරළ සංරක්ෂණ දෙපාර්තමේන්තුව මෙම කෝවිළේ හෝ වෙරළ සීමාවේ පිහිටි සිය ගණනක් වන සංචාරක හොටෙල් සඳහා කිසිදු බාධාවක් කර නොමැත.

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