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Abu Al Qasim Al Zahrawi (Albucasis): Pioneer of Modern Surgery
Samir S. Amrcorresponding author* and Abdelghani Tbakhi†
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Abu Qasim Khalaf Ibn Abbas Al Zahrawi, known in the West as Albucasis or Zahravius, was born in 936 AD in Al-Zahra’, a suburb, six miles northwest of Cordoba, the capital of Muslim Spain (Al-Andalus). His ancestors were from the Al Ansar tribes of Al Madina Al Munawwarah who came from the Arabian peninsula with the Muslim armies which conquered and lived in Spain. Al-Zahrawi traveled rarely, and spent most of his life in his hometown as a practicing physician-pharmacist-surgeon.1

He served as the court physician to Caliph Al-Hakam-II, at a period considered as the “Golden Age” of Arab Spain when natural and mathematical sciences reached their peak. After a long and distinguished medical career, he died in 1013 AD at the age of 77.

Around the year 1000 AD, he wrote his famous book “Al Tasreef Liman ‘Ajaz ‘Aan Al-Taleef”, (The Clearance of Medical Science For Those Who Can Not Compile It). It was a summation of about fifty years of medical education, training, practice and experience. The thirty volumes of the medical encyclopedia covered various aspects of medical knowledge. In addition to sections on medicine and surgery, there were sections on midwifery, pharmacology, therapeutics, dietitics, psychotherapy, weighs and measures, and medical chemistry.1

In Al-Tasreef, three chapters were devoted to surgery. Some of the procedures and techniques detailed in these chapters include the following:

Surgery of the eye, ear, and throat. He fully de scribed tonsillectomy and tracheostomy.
He devised instruments for internal examination of the ear.
He devised an instrument used to remove or insert objects into the throat.
He described how to use a hook to remove a polyp from the nose.
He described the exposure and division of the temporal artery to relieve certain types of headaches.
He utilized cauterization, usually to treat skin tumors or open abscesses. He applied cauterization procedure to as many as 50 different operations.
Application of ligature for bleeding vessels and internal stitching utilizing catgut. He preceded the famous French military surgeon Ambroise Pare (1510–1590), claimed to be the first European to utilize sutures, by five centuries.
Treatment for a**l fistulas.
Setting dislocated bones and fractures. His method for setting and reducing a dislocated shoulder was centuries before Kocher introduced his similar technique to European medicine.
Removal of urinary bladder calculi. He advised that the treating physician has to insert a finger into the re**um of the patient, move the stone down to the neck of the bladder, then make an incision in the re**al wall or the perineum and remove the stone.
He devised instruments for inspection of the urethra.
He is credited to be the first to describe ectopic pregnancy.
He devised several dental devices and artificial teeth made of animal bones.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Zahrawi

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Before going for NEET Keep following points in your mind ...
1.One day before you must have good hours of sleep that is must.
2.Get all your credentials required there in examination Hall like watch ,roll no slip and water bottle.
3.in examination hall ,relax urself before getting paper by having a long deep breath .
4.while attempting questions read each question carefully ,and options aswell dnt get haste while choosing option and check wheather u darkened the right question number and right option on answer script .
5.if any question seems to be diffcult or it may take time or u are not sure for right option mark it to attempt it later at last .
6.Dnt let ur time waste on questions where you are not sure .u can attempt them in last mins.
7.Keep watch on time ,so that you can mange time well and try to read and attempt all the questions .
8.if any question seems difficult do not worry skip it ,but if u are sure about two options u can go for it there is 50%probabilty of getting it right .
9.when there are 30 to 20 mins left try to solve marked left out questions if you can.
10.Before handing answer script check you have darkened all the attempted options properly and have written all the required credentials right.
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