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Statue of last Hindu Emperor of India, Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, at Panipat, who lost his life in the Second Battle of Panipat
Main articles: Battle of Panipat (1526), Battle of Panipat (1556), and Battle of Panipat (1761)
According to the legend, Panipat was one of the five cities (prasthas) founded by the Pandava brothers during the times of the Mahabharata; its historic name being Panduprastha. Panipat was the scene of three pivotal battles in the Indian history. Panipat is first recorded in the Mahabharata as one of the 5 villages that the Pandavas demanded from Duryodhana. The five villages are the "panch pat"

Padavaprastha (Now known as Panipat)
Sonaprastha (Now known as Sonipat)
Indraprastha (Now known as Delhi)
Bahakprastha (Now known as Baghpat)
Tilprastha (Now known as Tilpat)
The First Battle of Panipat was fought on 21 April 1526 between Ibrahim Lodhi, the Afghan Sultan of Delhi, and the Turco-Mongol warlord Babur, who later established Mughal rule in Northern Indian subcontinent. Babur's force defeated Ibrahim's much larger force of over one lakh (one hundred thousand) soldiers. This First battle of Panipat thus ended the 'Lodi Rule' established by Bahlul Lodhi in Delhi. The Second Battle of Panipat was fought on 5 November 1556 between the forces of Akbar and Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya, also known as Hemu, a Vaishya King of North India, who belonged to Rewari in Haryana and had captured the large states of Agra and Delhi defeating Akbar's forces. This king, also known as Vikramaditya had won 22 battles against the Afghan rebels from 1553–1556 from Punjab to Bengal, and had his coronation at Purana Quila in Delhi on 7 October 1556 and had established 'Hindu Raj' in North India, before the 2nd battle of Panipat.Hem Chandra had a large army, and initially his forces were winning, but suddenly Hemu was struck by an arrow in the eye and he lost his senses. On not seeing him in his howdah on the back of an elephant, his army fled. He was later captured and beheaded by the Mughals. His head was sent to Kabul to be hanged outside Delhi Darwaza and torso was hanged outside Purana Quila in Delhi. This Second battle of Panipat thus ended the 'Hindu Raj' established by Hemu in north India, albeit for a short period. The Third Battle of Panipat was fought in 1761 between the Maratha Empire and the Afghan invaders. Geography

Panipat is located at 29°23′N 76°58′E / 29.39°N 76.97°E. It has an average elevation of 219 metres (718 feet). Panipat is situated on G.T. road or NH-1, 90 KM north of Delhi. On three sides, Panipat district boundaries touch other districts of Haryana – Karnal in the north, Jind in the west and Sonipat in the south. Panipat district borders the state of Uttar Pradesh across the Yamuna river in the east. Panipat was a part of Karnal district until 31 October 1989. It was separated from Karnal, along with another subdivision, the Assandh tehsil. When the district was re-formed on 1 January 1992, the Assandh tehsil was excluded. The newly constructed flyover across the Grand Trunk Road completed in the year 2008 is one of the longest flyovers in India. Demographics

As per provisional data of 2011 census Panipat urban agglomeration had a population of 442,277, out of which males were 237,006 and females were 205,271. The literacy rate was 81.75 per cent. Industries

Panipat is a city of textiles and carpets. It is the biggest center for quality blankets and carpets in India and has a handloom weaving industry. In addition, Panipat city is the biggest centre of "Shoddy Yarn" in the World. Blankets prepared through Handloom and Power loom are sent to soldiers. The Samalkha subdivision of this district is famous for Foundry of Agriculture instruments. In this way, this district, which is continuously developing on the industrial base, has an unlimited employment capacity. Not only from Haryana but Businessmen and Engineers and unemployed worker artist Weavers and labour from other states of India visit here in search of employment and settle here permanently. Panipat also has heavy industry, with a refinery of the Indian Oil Corporation, a Panipat Thermal Power station (plant) Corporation (h.p.g.c.l.)and a National Fertilizers Limited plant. Some salient features of industry in Panipat include:

Three major public sector projects: the Indian Oil Corporation oil refinery, the National Fertilizers Limited plant and the thermal power station. Biggest centre in the country for producing shoddy (recycled) yarn, and a large consumer of rags for reprocessing. Biggest centre in the country for producing low priced blankets, a traditional supplier of barrack blankets to the armed forces. Biggest centre in the country engaged in export of cotton durries, made-ups, throws and mats. Samalkha, a small town near Panipat, is known for foundry work and supply of agricultural machinery to neighbouring Uttar Pradesh. Relatively high wages compared to the Indian national average – a worker earns Rs.100/- to 250/- per day on Handloom/ Powerloom. The town has infrastructure such as rail, road and inland container depots well suited to industry and export. It has Many Textile Courses and one of the main institute is Institute of Practical Textile Training (IPTT), Branch of SRSK Group. Places Of Interest

The main places of attraction are

Panipat Museum
Hemu 'Samadhi Sthal'(Village Sodhapur)
The grave of Ibrahim Lodhi
The dargah (mausoleum or shrine) of the 13th century sufi saint Bu Ali Shah Qalandar
Kabuli Bagh
Shri Devi Mandir
Kala Amb
Shri Ram Sharnam
Salar Gunj Gate
Insaar Bazaar
Shopping Malls in Panipat
Hali Park Resort
Gandhi Park and Library at Quila
Panipat Museum[edit]
The Battle of Panipat Memorial society set-up by the Government of Haryana, highlights the major events that took place for over two hundred years which made Panipat a place of great historical importance. Panipat Museum has been especially established for disseminating information about archaeology, history, art and crafts of Haryana with special emphasis on the Battles of Panipat which marked the turning point in Indian history, The display of antiquities, inscription, sculptures, arms and armours, Pottery, old and valuable documents, jewellery and art and craft objects, have been augumented by maps, writeups photographs and translides, etc. Through display an attempt has been made to provide an insight into the acts of bravery of some valiant and patriotic Maratha warriors who sacrificed their lives at Panipat. These include, Samrat Hem Chandra Vikramaditya-a local hero who belonged to Haryana, Raja Surja Mal of Bharatpur, Vikramaditya (Vikramajit) of Gwalior, Maharaja of Patiala, Sher Shar SURI, Sadashiv Rao Bhau, Vishwas Rao Peshwa, and Tukuj Shinde. Enlarged photographs of a large number of important miniatures, mostly from Babur-Nama and Akbar-Nama, relating to these battles and personalities connected therewith, have been obtained from the National Museum of New Delhi, The British Library, Victoria and Albert Museum of London. A Large number of contemporary weapons, armoury, guns, etc. have been acquired through loan from the Archaeological Survey of India, The Department of Archaeology and Museums, Haryana is also associated with this project, has donated a large number of items for display in this Museum. These include replicas of a large number of artifacts in the form of status, pottery, coins, etc. which were collected from the excavated sites in Haryana besides a number of blow-ups of building and sites of historical and archaeological importance. In addition, a large number of items of traditional art have been procured from various districts of haryana with the help of District Administration which exhibit a glimpse of haryana’s traditional art. Hemu's Samadhi Sthal

After Hemu's beheading at the Camp of Akbar at Sodhapur on Jind Road at Panipat, his head was sent to Kabul to be hanged outside the 'Delhi Darwaza' and his torso was hanged on a gibbet outside Purana Quila in Delhi to terrorise locals. After few years Hemu's supporters, constructed a Samadhi over the place where he was beheaded. The place and its surroundings are slowly encroached upon by local people. This is the only memorial of Hemu in Panipat, but in bad condition. Grave of Ibrahim Lodhi

The tomb is situated near a Tehsil Office at Panipat.Ibrahim Lodhi fought fiercely with his uncle Babur, in the battle known to us today as the "First Battle of Panipat" and was slain and buried at this place. It was one of Sher Shah Suri’s dying regret that he could never fulfill his intention of erecting a tomb to the fallem monarch. Much later, the British erected a plain platform over the place, with a short Urdu Insscription on it. Another memorial of some kind, however, appears to have existed which used to form a place of pilgrimage for the people of Gwalior since Vikramaditya the last Raja of the old Towrebs dynasty of Gwalior, fell in the same battle. This memorial, according to general Cunningham, was destroyed when the Grand Trunk Road was made. Kabuli Bagh

The garden of Kabuli Bagh along with a mosque and a tank was built by Babur after the First battle to commemorate his victory over Ibrahim Lodhi. Some years later when Humayun defeated Salem Shah near Panipat, he added a masonry Platform to it and called it ‘Chabutra" Fateh Mubarak, bearing the inscription 934 Hijri (A.D.1557). These buildings and the garden still exist under the name of Kabuli Bagh called so after Babur’s wife – Mussammat Kabuli begum. Shri Devi Temple

A temple dedicated to local deity exists on the bank of a large tank. A Shiva temple believed to have been built by a Maratha warrior named Mangal Raghunath who had remained in Panipat after the battle, also exists besides it. Kala Amb

According to the tradition, the site 8 Kilometers from Panipat and 42 Kilometers from Karnal, where Sadashiv Rao Bhau commanded his Maratha forces during the third battle of Panipat was marked by a black Mango Tree (Kala Amb) which has since disappeared. The dark colour of its foliage was probably the origin of the name. The site has a brick Pillar with an iron rod and the structure is surrounded by an iron fence. The site is being developed and beautified by a society with Governor, Haryana as its President. Rod Maratha community of Haryana organise a programme every year in memory of Maratha warriors on the day of 14 January at kala aamb in which lots of people participate from Haryana, Maharashtra and other Maratha states. The countryside is no less famous than the city of Panipat remnants of various buildings and structure along with galical and archaeological interest. Salar Gunj Gate

This gate is situated in the middle of Panipat city historical importance to Nawab Salar Juge, The gate still denoting its archaeological interest.A local market has been settled around this gate. Panipat Elevated Expressway

Main article: Panipat Elevated Expressway
Panipat Elevated Expressway six-lane 10 km (6.2 mi) expressway is now functional to decongest the busy Delhi-Amritsar route.[18] The Panipat Expressway is an uplift of National Highway. Education institutions in Panipat

Schools[edit]
*Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalya,Naultha

Delhi Public School, Panipat Refinery
Bal Vikas School, Model Town
Bal Vikas Progressive School, Sondhapur
G.D Goenka Public School
The Millennium Public School
P.I.E.T. Sanskriti School
G.G.S. Public School, Assandh Road
Geeta Vidya Mandir School
Navyug Public School
Sanatan Dharam Vidya Mandir
St. Mary Convent School, Jyotir Nagar, Panipat
Kendriya Vidyalaya, NFL Township
Arya Girls Public School
M.A.S.D Public School
D.P.S Panipat City
Dr M.K.K Arya Model School
Rana Public School
DAV International School Thermal Township
DAV Cent. Public School,HUDA
Asian Public School
Tagore Public School
Bal Niketan Public School
Arya senior secondary school,G.t.ROAD,PANIPAT
PTPS senior secondary school Thermal township
SD Modern Sr. Sec. School
R.N. Public School
S.D Modern Sr. School
Gyan Deep public school Tehsil Town, Panipat. LSBT Public School
I(B).L. School
S D Sr. School
S.D Boys Sr. sec . School
Victor Public School
Guru Nanak Public School
Heritage convent school
Dyal Singh Public School
Jain School
Sadanand Bal Vidya Mandir Sr. School
National Sr. School
Mount Litera School
Maharishi Vidya Niketan, Krishanpura
Shah Modern High school ward No. 9 Panipat
General colleges[edit]
N.C. College for Engineering, Israna, Panipat (FOR BTech/MTech/MBA/PhD)
Panipat Institute of Engineering & Technology, Samalkha
NC College of Engineering, Israna (FOR BTech/MTech/MBA/PhD)
Asia pacific Institute of Information Technology(affiliated to Staffordshire University, U.K.) S.D.I.T.M.. Govt. College, Bishan Swaroop Colony, Panipat
Engineering colleges & Management Colleges[edit]
D R College of Engineering and Technology, Kakoda (Israna), Panipat
NC College of Engineering, (Israna) Panipat
Geeta Engineering College, Naultha
Panipat Institute of Engineering & Technology, Samalkha
SD College of Management, Balana, Panipat
Asia Pacific Institute of information technology, Panipat
Samalkha Group of Institutions, Hathwala Road (Panipat)
S.D.I.T.M.,Israna,Panipat (Affiliated to Kurukshetra University)
R.N.C.E.T, Madlauda, Panipat(Affiliated to Kurukshetra University)
I.B(PG) College Panipat (Affiliated to Kurukshetra University).