Qalaal Modern Constructions
Welcome To Qalaal Modern Constructions Company. We Design and Build Houses, Roads, Bridges Etc.
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๐๐๐ข๐ง๐๐จ๐ซ๐๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ง๐๐ซ๐๐ญ๐ ๐๐๐ฌ๐ข๐ ๐ง ๐๐จ๐ซ๐ค๐๐ ๐๐ฑ๐๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ฌ โ๏ธโ๏ธโฃ
โฃ
F๐จl๐ฅo๐ฐ ๐s f๐จr M๐R๐ โ
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โฃ
โฃ
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๐๐ข๐ฅ๐ฅ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ฎ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ญ๐ข๐๐ฌ,(๐๐๐) โ๏ธโ๏ธโฃ
โฃ
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TYPES OF FOUNDATION SETTLEMENTS!!! โ๏ธโ๏ธโฃ
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๐o๐ง'๐ญ ๐
o๐ซg๐t t๐จ ๐
o๐ฅl๐จw u๐ฌ ๐or
๐O๐E!!! โ
โ
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๐
๐๐๐ญ๐จ๐ซ๐ฌ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐๐จ๐ง๐๐ซ๐๐ญ๐'๐ฌ ๐๐ญ๐ซ๐๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก! โ๏ธโ๏ธโฃ
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๐o๐ง'๐ญ ๐
o๐ซg๐t t๐จ ๐
o๐ฅl๐จw u๐ฌ ๐o๐ซ ๐O๐E!!! โ
โ
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Ramadan Kareem Everyone!
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โ๏ธ ๐
๐ฅ๐๐ญ ๐๐ฅ๐๐ โ๏ธโฃ
โฃ
F๐จl๐ฅo๐ฐ ๐s f๐จr M๐R๐!!โ
โ
โฃ
โฃ
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๐๐จ๐ฐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐ ๐๐๐๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐๐ฒ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐๐จ๐ง๐? โ๏ธโ๏ธโฃ
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๐ซ๐๐'๐ ๐ญ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐ ๐ญ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ผ๐บ ๐๐๐ ๐ด๐ถ๐น๐ฌ!! โ
โ
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๐๐ฌ๐๐๐ฎ๐ฅ ๐๐ง๐๐จ ๐๐จ๐ซ ๐๐ข๐ฏ๐ข๐ฅ ๐๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ง๐๐๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐๐๐ โ๏ธโ๏ธโฃ
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โ๏ธโ๏ธ ๐
๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ โ๏ธโ๏ธโฃโฃ
โฃโฃ
๐ญ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ผ๐ ๐๐๐ ๐ด๐ถ๐น๐ฌ!!
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๐๐ฒ๐ฉ๐๐ฌ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ฅ๐๐๐ฌ โ๏ธโ๏ธโฃโฃโฃ
โฃ
โฃ
โฃโฃ
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โ๏ธโ๏ธ ๐๐ญ๐๐๐ฅ ๐๐๐ซ ๐๐ง๐๐จ โ๏ธโ๏ธโฃโฃ
โฃโฃ
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๐๐๐ญ๐๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐จ๐ ๐ซ๐๐ข๐ง๐๐จ๐ซ๐๐๐ ๐๐จ๐ง๐๐ซ๐๐ญ๐ ๐ฌ๐ญ๐ซ๐ฎ๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐ฌ โ๏ธ
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โ๏ธ๐๐๐ฌ๐ข๐ ๐ง ๐๐ข๐ฉ๐ฌ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐ซ๐ข๐๐ค๐ฌ โ๏ธโฃ
โฃ
โ
๐o๐ง'๐ญ ๐
o๐ซg๐t t๐จ ๐
o๐ฅl๐จw U๐ฌ ๐o๐ซ ๐O๐E!! โ
โ
โฃ
โฃ
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โ๏ธ๐๐ข๐๐๐๐ซ๐๐ง๐ญ ๐๐ฒ๐ฉ๐๐ฌ ๐จ๐ ๐๐จ๐๐ ๐๐ซ๐๐๐ค๐ฌ โ๏ธโฃ
โฃ
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๐ฟ๐ค๐ฃโ๐ฉ ๐๐ค๐ง๐๐๐ฉ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐๐ค๐ก๐ก๐ค๐ฌ ๐๐จ ๐๐ค๐ง ๐๐๐๐!! โ
โ
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โ๏ธโ๏ธ ๐๐๐๐๐๐ โ๏ธโ๏ธโฃโฃ
โฃโฃ
โฃ
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๐๐ฎ๐ญ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐๐๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก ๐จ๐ ๐๐ข๐๐๐๐ซ๐๐ง๐ญ ๐๐ฒ๐ฉ๐๐ฌ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ญ๐ข๐ซ๐ซ๐ฎ๐ฉ๐ฌ ๐๐๐ซ๐ฌ โ๏ธโ๏ธโฃโฃ
โฃโฃ
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๐ญ๐๐๐๐๐ ๐ผ๐ ๐๐๐ ๐ด๐ถ๐น๐ฌ!! โ๏ธโ๏ธโฃ
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Types of concrete cracking
Here are some types of cracks in reinforced concrete:
1. ๐๐ฅ๐๐ฌ๐ญ๐ข๐ ๐ฌ๐ก๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ค๐๐ ๐ ๐๐ซ๐๐๐ค๐ฌ: These cracks are often shallow, irregular. They occur when the concrete is still in its plastic state and is drying too quickly.
2. ๐๐ซ๐ฒ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐ฌ๐ก๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ค๐๐ ๐ ๐๐ซ๐๐๐ค๐ฌ: These are hairline cracks that run parallel to each other and can occur anywhere in the concrete as it dries and shrinks.
3. ๐๐ก๐๐ซ๐ฆ๐๐ฅ ๐๐ซ๐๐๐ค๐ฌ: This type of cracks is caused by temperature changes in the concrete. Extreme heat or cold can cause the concrete to expand or contract, resulting in cracks.
4. ๐๐๐ญ๐ญ๐ฅ๐๐ฆ๐๐ง๐ญ ๐๐ซ๐๐๐ค๐ข๐ง๐ : These occur when the soil beneath the concrete settles or shifts, causing the concrete to crack and become uneven.
5. ๐๐ญ๐ซ๐ฎ๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐๐ฅ ๐๐ซ๐๐๐ค๐ฌ: These are cracks that occur due to overloading or inadequate design or poor materials or poor construction, in this case the applied loads exceed the capacity of the concrete to resist. Structural cracks typically exceed 0.3 mm, and may continue to widen over time. Structural cracks may include: Shear cracks, Flexural cracks, Shear/flexural cracks, Torsion cracks.
6. ๐๐จ๐ซ๐ซ๐จ๐ฌ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐๐ซ๐๐๐ค๐ฌ: These are cracks caused by expansion of the reinforcement steel inside the concrete due to corrosion.
7. ๐๐ซ๐๐๐ค๐ฌ ๐๐ฎ๐ ๐ญ๐จ ๐๐ฅ๐ค๐๐ฅ๐ข-๐๐ ๐ ๐ซ๐๐ ๐๐ญ๐ ๐ซ๐๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง (๐๐๐): This is a chemical reaction that occurs between the alkaline cement paste and certain types of aggregates in the concrete, resulting in a gel-like substance that can cause expansion and cracking over time. AAR can include alkali-silica reaction (ASR) and alkali-carbonate reaction (ACR).
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โ๏ธ ๐๐ฌ๐๐๐ฎ๐ฅ ๐๐ง๐๐จ ๐๐จ๐ซ ๐๐ข๐ฏ๐ข๐ฅ ๐๐ง๐ ๐ข๐ง๐๐๐ซ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐๐ โ๏ธโ๏ธโฃ
โฃ
โฃ
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๐๐๐๐๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐๐๐!! โ
โ
โฃ
โฃ
โฃ
โฃ
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โ๏ธ๐๐๐ฌ๐ญ ๐จ๐ง ๐๐จ๐ข๐ฅ๐ฌ โ๏ธโฃโฃ
โ๏ธ ๐๐ญ๐๐ง๐๐๐ซ๐ ๐๐๐ฌ๐ญ ๐จ๐ง ๐
๐ซ๐๐ฌ๐ก ๐๐จ๐ง๐๐ซ๐๐ญ๐ โ๏ธโฃโฃ
โฃโฃ
Dฬฒoฬฒnฬฒ'ฬฒtฬฒ ฬฒFฬฒoฬฒrฬฒgฬฒeฬฒtฬฒ ฬฒtฬฒoฬฒ ฬฒFฬฒoฬฒlฬฒlฬฒoฬฒwฬฒ ฬฒUฬฒsฬฒ ฬฒfฬฒoฬฒrฬฒ ฬฒMฬฒOฬฒRฬฒEฬฒ!ฬฒ!ฬฒ!ฬฒ!ฬฒโ
ฬฒโ
ฬฒโฃโฃ
ฬฒ
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๐๐ข๐๐๐๐ซ๐๐ง๐๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฐ๐๐๐ง ๐๐ง๐-๐ฐ๐๐ฒ ๐ฌ๐ฅ๐๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐ ๐๐ฐ๐จ-๐ฐ๐๐ฒ ๐๐ฅ๐๐ โฃ
โฃ
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๐จ๐๐ฒ๐ณ๐๐น ๐๐ป๐ณ๐ผ ๐ณ๐ผ๐ฟ ๐๐ถ๐๐ถ๐น ๐๐ป๐ด๐ถ๐ป๐ฒ๐ฒ๐ฟ๐ถ๐ป๐ด โ๏ธโ๏ธ
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๐๐๐ฌ๐ข๐ ๐๐๐ฐ'๐ฌ โ๏ธโ๏ธโฃโฃ
โฃโฃ
๐
o๐ฅl๐จw U๐ฌ ๐o๐ซ ๐o๐ซe โ๏ธโ๏ธ
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๐๐ข๐๐๐๐ซ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐๐ฅ ๐ฅ๐๐ฏ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ง๐ โ๏ธโ๏ธโฃโฃ
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D๐จn't F๐จr๐ e๐ญ ๐ญo F๐จl๐ฅo๐ฐ ๐S โ
โ
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๐๐๐๐๐จ ๐๐๐ฆ ๐จ๐๐๐ก!!
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๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐๐ โ๏ธโ๏ธ
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๐๐๐ฅ๐๐ฎ๐ฅ๐๐ญ๐ข๐จ๐ง ๐๐จ๐ญ๐๐๐จ๐จ๐ค ๐๐จ๐ซ ๐๐๐ง๐ญ๐ข๐ฅ๐๐ฏ๐๐ซ ๐๐จ๐จ๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐ง๐จ๐ฉ๐ฒ โ๏ธโ๏ธโฃ
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๐ฟ๐ค๐ฃ'๐ฉ ๐๐ค๐ง๐๐๐ฉ ๐ฉ๐ค ๐๐ค๐ก๐ก๐ค๐ฌ ๐๐!!โ
โ
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๐๐๐๐๐๐ญ๐ข๐ฏ๐ ๐๐๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก ๐จ๐ ๐๐ข๐ฆ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐ฒ ๐๐ฎ๐ฉ๐ฉ๐จ๐ซ๐ญ๐๐ ๐๐๐๐ฆ โ๏ธโ๏ธ
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Bar Bending Schedule:โฃโฃ
๐๐๐ฎ๐ญ๐ญ๐ข๐ง๐ ๐๐๐ง๐ ๐ญ๐ก ๐จ๐ ๐๐ข๐๐ฆ๐จ๐ง๐ ๐๐ญ๐ข๐ซ๐ซ๐ฎ๐ฉ๐ฌโฃโฃ
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โก๏ธ Calculation of "a"โฃโฃ
a = 500 - (2 x 40) - (4) - (4)โฃโฃ
= 412 mmโฃโฃ
โก๏ธ Calculation of "b"โฃโฃ
b = 400 - (2 x 40) - (4) - (4)โฃโฃ
= 312 mmโฃโฃ
Calculation of "C"โฃโฃ
C = 258.4 mmโฃโฃ
โก๏ธ DEDUCTION:โฃโฃ
๐90 Deg. : 2dโฃโฃ
๐135 Deg. : 3dโฃโฃ
โก๏ธADDITION:โฃโฃ
๐HOOK Length = 10dโฃโฃ
โ๏ธ C.L. = (4 x c) + 2(10d) - 3(2d) - 2(3d)โฃโฃ
โ๏ธC.L. = (4 x 258.4) + 2(10*8) -3(2*8)- 2(3*8) =1097.6 mmโฃโฃ
๐AS PER IS-2502โฃโฃ
โ๏ธ C.L. = 4c + 24 dโฃโฃ
โ๏ธC.L. = 4 x 258.4 + 24*8โฃโฃ
= 1225.6 mm
![Photos from Qalaal Modern Constructions's post](https://img4.findglocal.com/715/816/1138263077158168.jpg)
๐๐ซ๐๐๐ค ๐๐ซ๐๐๐ญ๐ฆ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ฌ: ๐๐ญ๐ข๐ญ๐๐ก๐ข๐ง๐ โ๏ธโ๏ธ
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Marshall mix design is a widely implemented method to determine the optimum asphalt content (OAC) prior to the road construction.
Test specimens with different asphalt binder content are prepared. The specimens should then be weighed to ease the calculation for important parameters such as bulk density, voids in total mix (VTM), voids in mineral aggregate (VMA) and voids filled with asphalt (VFA).
The specimens are first compacted using Marshall hammer before they are being tested for Marshall stability and flow.
The test results and calculated parameters are then plotted against asphalt binder content.
From the plots of bulk density, Marshall stability and VTM, we determine individual OAC values based on individual criterion. The value of OAC for the asphalt mix would be the average of these three values.
It is important to note that, all parameters should be checked against the limits and criteria set out by relevant authorities for various purposes.
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