Pan-African Law Chambers (PALC)

One thing you find out early as a lawyer is that clients come in different shapes and sizes (literally and figuratively). Some are easy to deal with and others will make you rethink your decision to become a lawyer.

🔷 You will meet Mr. A who calls you at all hours to find out the state of his case and whether a particular process has been filed.

🔷 You will meet Mr. B who attended law school at night and will come in the morning to teach you how to conduct his case in court.

🔷 You will meet Sir C who is always late to court and is not apologetic about it.

🔷 What about Mr. D who prices your services as if he is negotiating for crayfish.

There will also be good clients who will make your practice beautiful.

As a young lawyer, we had this client I never got along with. I didn’t like him because I thought him loud and rude. But the young man either did not know it or didn’t care.

Each time I had to deal with him, I would brace up for a fight or find an excuse not to be in the office. At a point, he started coming in only when my principal was around.

My principal found it a bit amusing and one day he gave me a “talk” on it. He made me understand that all clients can never be the same. However clients are more difficult when they think their lawyer doesn't like them.

The truth is that clients come with different dispositions and some may not meet your standards. Swallow your homily; attend to them if you can or send them to another lawyer with a straight face.

Even if you do not like a particular client, treat him like he is the best thing after cold stone ice cream, get his job done and collect your money.

Dear lawyer, your goal is to get your clients to know, like and trust you. This is known as the KLT Factor.

For the last few days, we have been talking about retainers. No client will take up a retainer with you if they don't know, like and trust you. It doesn't matter that you have added long life and prosperity as part of the deal.

Before you pitch a retainer to your client, ask yourself these questions:

☑️ Does the client know me (or my worth)?

☑️ Does he like me or the work I do for him?

☑️ Does he trust me enough to create a retainer with me?

If the answers to the above questions is yes, then go ahead and pitch a retainer to the client. If not, keep oiling the relationship until the KLT Factor is established.

I hope this meets you well.

Hello Wani,

Welcome to the final feature on for Cohort 4. This is a special segment of the where we have been highlighting one fellow every Wednesday, their experiences during the practicum and the projects that they are working on, so that you can be better acquainted with the cohort's progress.

Meet Victoria Mufumba from Uganda.

Victoria Mufumba is an Advocate of the High Court of Uganda. She works with Uganda Association of Women Lawyers (FIDA-Uganda) as a Strategic Interest Litigation Officer. In her line of work, she focuses mainly on human rights, women and children’s rights, gender, family and land law. Over the years, she has undertaken professional training in a number of areas relevant to her work including: ‘Women’s Rights in Africa’ by the Centre for Human Rights , ‘Discrimination and Violence against Women’ under the 1000 Voices Fellowship by Every Woman Coalition and the ‘Human Rights Training’ by the Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights - to name a few. Joining the training programme was thus well in line with her career progression goals as a changemaker in the human rights scene in Africa.

For the practicum, Victoria is hosted by FIDA-Uganda where she receives ample guidance to tackle the project that she is working on. Victoria is challenging mandatory pregnancy testing in health training institutions. Female students undertaking health related courses are subjected to mandatory pregnancy testing pursuant to Regulation 2.9 of the Health Training Institutions Rules and Regulations. The students who are found pregnant are subjected to a six months leave period and readmission to the course is conditioned to whether the student had reported the pregnancy voluntarily, with good disciplinary record and meets a satisfactory academic performance. Victoria contends that these actions contravene Articles 21 and 33 (3) of the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda, which prohibit gender discrimination and place a duty on the state to protect women and their rights, taking into account their unique status and natural maternal functions in society. In Victoria’s view, the Regulations fall short in protecting the female students right to education, privacy and bodily autonomy. Victoria argues that it is important that women's rights are protected regardless of the competing priorities in their lives and that the said protection should meet standards set by international human rights instruments like the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) and the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights on the Rights of Women in Africa (Maputo Protocol). These instruments prohibit any act or practice of discrimination against women including the exclusion or restriction made on the basis of s*x, and call for respect and promotion of s*xual and reproductive health rights of women. Victoria hopes this case will add on to the jurisprudence that upholds the rights of women and improves the learning environment for female students in health training institutions in Uganda.

Victoria enjoys some good rhythm and likes to unwind by listening to music.

“Who run the world? Girls!” - Beyonce Knowles.

We wish Victoria much success as a changemaker in the human rights scene in Africa.

Thank you, Wani for following along the stories of change for all fellows enrolled under cohort 4 of the training programme. The fellows will henceforth proceed to closing seminars and eventually graduation. This marks not an end but rather a new beginning as the fellows take up their rightful places in society as animators and amplifiers of community voices on prevailing social justice issues. You can continue to follow along the programme's progress through our social media pages linked below.

South Sudan loses challenge to telecoms award:
A leading law firm in the world established in 1830 AD requested to defend the government of South Sudan at ICC, the request was ignored, now they have lost their appeal.

The Swiss Federal Supreme Court has rejected South Sudan’s bid to overturn a partial award in a US$2.7 billion ICC dispute with a Lebanese-owned mobile operator over a licence issued before the state gained independence.

In a judgment dated 7 August and published yesterday, the court upheld sole arbitrator Jason Fry KC’s finding that South Sudan was bound by the arbitration clause in a licence agreement that was concluded when it was still part of Sudan. It also found there was no violation of South Sudan’s right to be heard.

Fry, who is global co-head of international arbitration at Clifford Chance in Paris, also found the state liable in the same award but is yet to rule on damages.

In a measure of the importance of the case, South Sudan's set-aside application was considered by a bench of five judges rather than the usual three.

While the judgment is anonymised, GAR has previously reported on the ICC arbitration brought by two telecoms companies owned by Lebanon’s Fattouch Investment Group – which operates in South Sudan under the name Vivacell.

Lenz & Staehelin represented the companies before the court, while South Sudan used Homburger. In the ICC case, the claimants are using Dechert in Paris and Lebanese firm Raphaël & Associés, while the state has turned to Fieldfisher.

The dispute relates to a licence agreement concluded in the 2000s between Vivacell and a ministry within the Government of Southern Sudan – which was at that time an autonomous region within Sudan.

The licence allowed Vivacell to operate a telecoms network within part of that territory and included an arbitration clause providing for ICC proceedings in English and seated in Geneva, with the parties waiving the right to appeal any award.

Vivacell continued to operate under the licence after South Sudan gained its independence in 2011 following years of civil war.

The companies brought their ICC claim in 2018 after South Sudan’s telecoms regulator suspended Vivacell’s licence and reportedly demanded US$66 million in licence fees and taxes.

According to the Swiss judgment, the companies are claiming nearly US$2.7 billion in the ICC case, a figure that includes around US$1.15 billion in interest up to August 2021.

In the partial award in November 2022, Fry found he was competent to hear the dispute. He concluded the licence was valid and binding at the time it was concluded and that it had been transferred to South Sudan both by way of state succession and through the state’s subsequent conduct.

In the latest decision, the Swiss court said it could hear South Sudan’s jurisdictional challenge to the award despite the waiver of appeal rights in the arbitration clause, because the parties must be bound by the arbitration clause in the first place for such a waiver to be valid.

The court rejected South Sudan’s arguments that Fry had failed to provide a specific legal basis for finding that the arbitration clause was validly agreed between the original parties.

It also rejected South Sudan’s argument that the entities that concluded the agreements were not authorised to grant telecoms licences, meaning they were invalid from the start. The court said a state cannot invoke its own law to contest the arbitrability of a dispute.

The court went on to uphold Fry’s finding that the arbitration clause had been transferred to South Sudan. Fry had relied in part on a 2012 economic agreement under which Sudan and South Sudan agreed to allocate assets and liabilities along territorial lines.

South Sudan argued that this agreement, to which the companies were not parties, was not applicable to the ICC case.

But the court pointed out that South Sudan had maintained a commercial relationship with the companies based on the licence agreement after gaining independence. The state’s behaviour, judged in good faith from the companies’ perspective, gave the appearance of wanting to be bound by the contracts.

The judgment records that Fry’s award also found South Sudan liable for various breaches of contract but rejected other claims by the companies. He also made observations on interest while reserving a final award on damages and costs.

Lenz & Staehelin tells GAR the court demonstrated "remarkable efficiency" by providing "convincing reasons" to uphold the award in a 17-page decision "made only 3 months after the last parties' submission."

South Sudan is also facing an ICSID claim from a commercial bank part-owned by Qatar’s sovereign wealth fund that reportedly lent hundreds of millions of dollars to the country during its civil war. The parties filed submissions on costs in February.

In the Swiss Supreme Court

Bench

· Federal Judges Jametti (President), Hohl, Kiss, Rüedi and May Canellas

Counsel to South Sudan

· Homburger

Partner Balz Gross and associates Okan Uzun, Anissa Kern and Angela Casey in Zurich

Counsel to the respondents

· Lenz & Staehelin

Partner Xavier Favre-Bulle and counsel Hanno Wehland* in Geneva

* leaving to launch a sole practice on 1 September 2023

In the ICC arbitration

Sole arbitrator

· Jason Fry KC (New Zealand)

Secretary of the tribunal

· Jemima Roe

Counsel to the claimants

· Dechert

Partners Eduardo Silva Romero, José Manuel García Represa, senior associate Audrey Caminades, and associates Raphaelle Legru and Quentin Muron in Paris

· Raphaël & Associés

Managing partner Adel Nassar in Beirut

Counsel to South Sudan

· Fieldfisher

Get registered

We are the second,We shall make to the top next year inshalah.

We shall be there.

This afternoon we successfully filed a case against the Republic of Burundi on instruction from our clients HON. RWASA AGATHON & HON SIMON BIZIMUNGU who are the current President and Secretary General of CONGRES NATIONAL POUR LA LIBERTE (CNL) Political Party in Burundi with regard to the appointment of members of parliament to the 5th East African Legislative Assembly (EALA). Next week we shall file INTERIM ORDER APPLICATION & CERTIFICATE. For the first time South Sudanese lawyers to be instructed foreigners to represent them at an International Court like EACJ.

http://eaepiap.strategiclitigation.org/

East Africa Emerging Advocates Public Interest Programme – Rigorous skills-based training in public interest litigation The Center for Strategic Litigation aims to identify talented young lawyers, with between 1-5 years of work experience to learn from public interest litigation gurus, constitutional scholars and researchers, judges of the various courts, advocacy practitioners, both in class and in court. The goal o...

Dear Wani Santino,
Greetings from the Center for Strategic Litigation!

I am writing to you today to request your assistance in sharing the Call for Applications (attached) for the fourth cohort of the East Africa Emerging Public Interest Advocates Programme. We think that there may be people in your network who are or who may know the right candidates that we are looking for. In the few paragraphs below, I explain about the programme in brief, the call for applications for the fourth cohort and finally who it is we are looking for.

About the training programme in brief
The Center for Strategic Litigation runs a training programme titled The East Africa Emerging Public Interest Advocates Programme. This programme empowers young advocates through rigorous skills-based training and practical experience in public interest litigation. The goal of the programme is to build the next generation of public interest advocates in East Africa who share a commitment to and passion for promoting social justice and democratic values. The fellowship provides an opportunity to up to 30 outstanding young advocates from East Africa to learn from public interest litigation gurus, constitutional scholars and researchers, judges of the various courts, advocacy practitioners, both in class and in court for six (6) months. Since the inauguration of the first training programme in November 2019, CSL has since hosted three cohorts. Altogether out of 562 applicants, 61 fellows have been accepted to the programme thus far. Our YouTube Channel can give you a glimpse of what we do.

Call for Applications| Cohort 4
The application window for the fourth cohort is now open. We would greatly appreciate your assistance with sharing the Call for Applications with anyone who would be eligible for the programme. Please do so by either directing applicants to our website here, sharing the call for applications (also attached to this email) or by sharing the poster below (it has a clickable link to our website) directly with them. You can also point us to where you think we can get potential applicants and we will be happy to follow through.

Who exactly is eligible?
One who is passionate and driven by an unrelenting commitment to human rights and social justice.
One who is well versed with the human rights and constitutional context in respective countries and the East African region as a whole.
One who is prepared and willing to identify a social justice problem and develop it into a PIL casework during the programme.
One who thrives working with teams and under a mentor to guide their professional growth.
One who is prepared to commit fully to the programme throughout the full term, from 13 February, 2023.
By February 2023, be a recent graduate lawyer admitted to the bar with between one and five years of relevant work experience.
Be a citizen of any of the East African Community Member states and expected to reside in the region during the term of the fellowship.

Court declares that the Government of Rwanda's actions of taking over the Union Trade Center mall and subsequently selling it off are illegal and contravene the provisions of the EAC Treaty.

The Court in its judgment declared that the award of the Trial Court (EACJ First Instance Division) to the Respondent (UTC) is enhanced from 500, 000 USD to 1M USD against the Appellant (AG Rwanda) for the violation of Articles 5, 3 (g) 6 (d), 7(1) (a) & 2, 8 (1) (a) & (c) of the Treaty. Also Court awarded an interest of 6 % per annum from the date of the Trial Court's Judgment until payment in full.

The Court further awarded costs in the main Appeal, cross appeal and the Trial Court to the Respondent (UTC & others).

The said orders were declared today 30th August 2022 by the EACJ Appellate Division during its judgment in Appeal No. 10 of 2020, The Attorney General of the Republic of Rwanda vs Union Trade Center (UTC) & others.

In 2013, UTC filed a case at the EACJ challenging the actions of the Committee in charge of unclaimed property in Nyarugenje District for taking over the management of the mall and directing the tenants to pay rent into a bank account in the Committee's name. The mall was put under the Government's statutory management after being classified as an abandoned property in 2013 which led to filing a Case to EACJ.

The parties in Court were represented by Mr. Nicholas Ntarugera for the AG Rwanda and Counsel Francis Gimara and Hannington Amol representing the Respondent.

https://www.facebook.com/561505287220849/posts/5543893068982021/

and Decisions



Today, Sunday 31 July 2022, at 6.00 to 7.00 p.m. (Nairobi time) Mr. Daniel Kobei, Executive Director of the Ogiek Peoples Development Programme (OPDP), Mr. Eric Kimalit, Chairperson of the Endorois Welfare Council (EWC) and Mr. Don Deya, Chief Executive Officer of the Pan African Lawyers Union (PALU) will be speaking about the recent Ruling of the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights regarding the Ogiek Community of Mau Forest, Kenya and the previous Ruling regarding the Endorois Community of Kenya. They will discuss the implications of these two Rulings in Kenya and Africa, and dynamics of their implementation.

The interview will be live on KTN News, and also online on YouTube at https://www.youtube.com/c/KTNKenya ; Facebook at https://www.facebook.com/KTNNewsKenya and Twitter at https://twitter.com/KTNNewsKE

KTN News Kenya - YouTube KTN News is a 24-hour news and current affairs channel. It has great content that include sports, ground breaking documentaries and investigative features. T...

https://www.facebook.com/561505287220849/posts/5498424893528839/

https://www.vanguardngr.com/2022/07/breaking-ecowas-court-declares-suspension-of-twitter-in-nigeria-unlawful-orders-buhari-administration-never-to-repeat-it-again/

ECOWAS Court declares Buhari's Twitter ban unlawful Socio-Economic Rights and Accountability Project (SERAP) and 176 concerned Nigerians, the ECOWAS Court has “declared unlawful the suspension of Twitter by the government of President Muhammadu Buhari, and ordered the administration never to repeat it again.”

The African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights will tomorrow,23 June 2022, deliver 5 Judgments at the seat of the Court in Arusha, the United Republic of Tanzania. The full Press Release is below...

We are pleased to have successfully concluded training of members of the South Sudan Bar Association that seeks to expose them to practice in the International arena.

The US Supreme Court is poised to strike down Roe v. Wade, according to an unprecedented leak of an alleged draft opinion written by Justice Samuel Alito in February.

The Judge President Hon. Justice Nestor Kayobera receives Members of Parliament from Kenya a Committee on Regional Integration.

His Lordship applauded the MPs for visiting the Court and informed them that the Court is for the people and the Community in a people centered and therefore it is very crucial the MPs who represent the people to have interest in the regional integration issues.

He also informed them on the recent decision of the Court in Martha Karua case and many others that have contributed to the developing jurisprudence of the Court.

He commended the governments for complying with the decisions of the Court and called for their efforts to respect the law.

Judge President further encouraged the MPs to support the Court to be more independent with full time judges, adequate financial and human resources to ensure its core functions are not interfered with.

He asked the MPs to follow up on the EACJ Administration Bill passed by EALA and urge Partner States that have not submitted their comments to do so.

The Chair of the Regional Integration Committee Hon. Ruweida Muhamed Obo pledged their commitment to support the Court in these issues that are affecting the work of the Court.

The Committee recommended Court to hold sittings in the Partner States which will enable the public to know more about its role and contribution in the regional integration agenda.

Many lawyers work under a lot of pressure. However, the pressure becomes pleasurable when accompanied by commensurate payment.

Work + pressure - payment = punishment.

I no Sabi maths but I Sabi this one. Stop seeking free legal services. Your lawyer also has needs and bills to pay. Today is the last day of March, go and sin no more.

Should I ask whether it met you well?

P.S This is me looking at those of you that will come to argue the simple equation in this post.

Court declares that provisions of sections 3, 4,5,9,15 and 29 of the Political Parties (Amendment) Act No. 1 of 2019 violates the Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community Article 6(d),7(2) and 8 (1).

Court directed the government of Tanzania to take such measures as are necessary, to bring the said Political Parties (Amendment) Act into compliance with the Treaty of the EAC.

This was a judgment delivered in condolidated References No. 3 & 4 of 2019 Freeman Mbowe & 3 Others & Legal and Human Rights Center vs the Attorney General of Tanzania.

The Applicants faulted the government of Tanzania over some provisions of the Political Parties (Amendment) Act No. 1 of 2019 enacted by the Parliament of the United Republic of Tanzania in January 2019 and assented to by the President in February 2019 and Gazetted.

The Applicants argued that the impugned Act Cap.258 of the laws of Tanzania, constitutes unjustified restrictions of democracy, good governance and freedom of association, restricts people's rights to participate in public affairs, denies people's rights to personal security and safety which are fundamental and operational principles of the Community.

On costs the Court ruled that the Reference raised significant matters of public interest and ordered that each party bears its own costs.

PIL as a tool to assist society in key issues of public concern where people have none to stand in for them.CJs Maraga and Mohamed Kenya and Tanzania encouraged use of EACJ as a forum for litigation.

COURT HEARS A MATTER CHALLENGING THE CONSTRUCTION OF EAST AFRICA CRUDE OIL PIPELINE

East African Court of Justice, 2nd March 2022: The East African Court of Justice First Instance Division has adjourned the hearing of Application No. 29 of 2020 seeking temporary injunction restraining the Governments of Uganda and Tanzania from constructing the Crude Oil Pipeline pending determination of the main case.



The main case (Reference No. 39 of 2020 Center for Food and Adequate Living Rights & 3 Others vs The AG Uganda, Tanzania and Secretary General EAC, challenges a decision to construct an East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP) in the Republic of Uganda and United Republic of Tanzania.



Before the hearing of the Application started, the Solicitor General of Tanzania Mr. Gabriel Malata representing the Attorney General, raised a Preliminary Objection (PO) on whether the Court has Jurisdiction to hear and determine the matter. Court ruled that the issue will be dealt with in the merits of the Reference and deliver a judgment.



The Applicants in the Reference allege that the Crude Oil pipeline project is alleged to be environmentally untenable and will extend to protected areas in East Africa with undue regard to livelihoods, gender, food security, children and public health of East Africans.



They further allege that, the Pipeline will pass through areas of settlements, farmlands and water sources for thousand indigenous people and there has been no consideration of to their rights, which is a violation of the Treaty for the Establishment of the East African Community.



The Applicants are Civil Society Organizations within the region namely Center for food and Adequate Living Rights (CEFROHT), African Institute for Energy Governance (AFRICOG), Natural Justices Kenya and Center for Strategic Litigation Limited.



The matter came before Honourable Justice Yohane Masara (Principal Judge), Justice Dr Charles Nyawello, Justice Charles Nyachae, Justice Richard Muhumuza, and Justice Richard Wejuli.

https://www.facebook.com/561505287220849/posts/5100453016659364/

IN SHORT "UKRAIN PEOPLE ARE WHITE WITH BLUE EYES AND PRESIDENT IS JEWISH" - then you have your answer about the difference between UKRAIN war and all other wars that involved the West and USA.

They care about their own race and whatever you may think they act in solidarity to protect one another. That is why the N**i Germany racial war shall forever be talked about more that the Rwandan Civil War in which over 1million Africans were killed - they were just Africans after all.

It's time for Africans to take leaf from this war and focus on themselves before sounding clever on social media and TV. Before any African leader can open his or her mouth are we doing enough to protect and save one another? As Africans if we can't love one another as same race are we truly capable of loving another race? Put differently if you fail to love one of your own should you be trusted when you talk of love for fellow humans? What is human to you if you don't respect your own skin?

One day I was discusding with one white business associate. He said to me "how can these guys refuse to work with one another but want to trust me as a white person and stranger to them? If its easy to hate one another it will then be very easy to kill me". This summarised my opinion about oursekves as Africans.

As I travel into various African countries one thing is CLEAR. I have no doubt in my mind that Africans we hate each other and are eager to kill one another for the smallest mistake. We are made to adore whiteness at the expense of hating one another. A white hobo is treated with respect than a black intellectual. We praise white witchcraft and pay money to watch and call it magic. When Africans can have powers that a white man can't approve we get into church and preach about it and call it satanic, demonic and evil. This is what we have become.

I may not change you as it took many years of indoctrination to make the person you have become. But I hope my writings can serve as little deposits into your memory storage so that as you retrieve one day you may ask yourself several questions about who you are and your set of values and belief.

Europeans and all blue eyed humans are out to preserve their race and want to dominate other humans. It will take a new generation of Africans to go back to their roots and understand how we supported slavery by hunting other tribes for sale. If only we did not support slavery.

https://www.facebook.com/561505287220849/posts/5039544299416903/

Job advertisement at M/S PAN AFRICAN LAW CHAMBERS, LLP.
www.panafricanlawchambers.com

M/S PAN AFRICAN LAW CHAMBERS, LLP
ADVOCATES & ATTORNEYS AT LAW.
"Justice is our signature"

New location new office.
Opening soon.

Our practicing areas shall be on International Trade, International Arbitration, oil and gas, Banking, land, investment disputes and matters related to violation of The East African Common Market protocol.

www.panafricanlawchambers.com

Pan African Law Chambers wishes all its clients a Happy New Year 2022.

Court hears oral evidence in a case challenging the Gov’t of Kenya over alleged eviction of residents from Mau Forest

East African Court of Justice, 27th September 2021: The First Instance Division hears a witness in a matter over alleged eviction of residents from Mau Forest. The case which was filed by Prof Paul Kiprono a Governor in Kenya sued the government of Kenya evicted thousands of residents from their homesteads unlawfully. In his case (Reference No.17 of 2018 Prof Paul Kiprona vs Attorney General of Kenya) He further alleges that many were tortured and their homes burnt down and the victims suffered a loss of properties without compensation.

The Applicant further alleges that the eviction caused more than 5000 minors (pupils) out of schools, evicted from their ancestral homes and farms and residing in temporary camps without adequate food, shelter, sanitation, medical care and education. The further urges that the Government has not provided any measures to support the pupils by establishing schools.

The Respondent denies all the allegations and pleads the Reference discloses no cause of action against the Republic of Kenya or its officers and facts pleaded by the Applicant are not only unfounded but also do not constitute any of the matters contemplated under Article 30(1) of the Treaty. Denies that the Government of Kenya through its security organs carried out the alleged forceful evictions, r**e, physical torture, destructions of property and homes, violated rights of children and acted contrary to the due process of law and in contravention of the Treaty.

The Government of Kenya contends that the due process of law was followed to remove illegal encroachments into the forest to contain destruction and no eviction done on land adjacent to the forest as alleged. That the process was carried out in a human and lawful manner following public consultations and adequate notices issued beforehand which were obeyed by the evictees who returned to their original homes and not residing in any displaced camps.

Further the Respondent urges that after the evictions, unrelated clashes emerged in some parts of Narok and Nakuru Counties were people got affected including students and minors and the Government resorted to secure peace, provided alternative schools and examination centers for affected pupils. Therefore, the Respondent is not in breach of the Treaty.

The witness who appeared in Court online from Nairobi Mr Godfrey Kipchirichiri Sanga who was working on a History of Mau Forest book project at the time when the evictions took place in August 2018. Other three witnesses will also be produced for further evidence this week.

The matter came before Honourable Justices of the First Instance Division: Justice Yohane Masara (Principal Judge), Justice Audace Ngiye (Deputy Principal Judge), Justice Charles Nyachae, Justice Dr Charles Nyawello and Richard Muhumuza.