Daily Medical Cases

Types of Haemoglobin

1. HbA (Adult haemoglobin) — the major type in adults
* About 95-98% of adult haemoglobin
* Structure: (2 alpha + 2 beta chains)

2. HbAz
* About 2-3% in adults
* Structure: 2 alpha 2 delta
* Often measured when investigating Beta
Thalassemia

3. HbF (Fetal haemoglobin)
* Main haemoglobin in fetuses and newborns
* Structure: 2alpha 2 gamma
* Has higher oxygen affinity to help the baby obtain
oxygen from the mother
* Normally falls after birth

Neonatal conjunctivitis is eye inflammation with discharge in the first 28 days of life, often acquired during birth.


Causes include blocked tear ducts, chemical irritation, bacteria (Chlamydia, gonorrhea), or viruses (HSV).

Treatment ranges from warm compresses for blocked ducts to antibiotics or antivirals, usually resulting in a good prognosis if treated promptly…

10 WEIRD FACTS ABOUT BABY ANATOMY 👶🧠

1️⃣ Babies are born with about 300 bones — adults only have 206!
2️⃣ A newborn’s skull has soft spots (fontanelles) to help during birth.
3️⃣ Babies don’t produce real tears when crying at first.
4️⃣ Their stomach is tiny — about the size of a cherry at birth.
5️⃣ Newborns can breathe and swallow at the same time better than adults.
6️⃣ Babies have more taste buds than grown-ups!
7️⃣ Their kneecaps are mostly cartilage, not bone yet.
8️⃣ Babies naturally hold their breath underwater (diving reflex).
9️⃣ Some babies are born with hair anywhere on the body called lanugo.
🔟 A baby’s brain grows faster in the first year than at any other time in life.

✨ Tiny body, amazing design!

Insomnia: Difficulty falling or staying asleep (affecting
10–20% of children).
> Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): Affects 1–5% of
children, often caused by enlarged tonsils or
adenoids, leading to snoring and gasping.

> Parasomnias: Includes sleepwalking, sleep terrors,
and confusional arousals.

> Delayed Sleep Phase Syndrome: A shift in the
circadian rhythm, causing teens or children to
struggle with falling asleep until very late.

> Narcolepsy: A neurological condition causing
extreme daytime sleepiness, with symptoms often
peaking around age 15.

> Movement Disorders: Restless leg syndrome and
periodic limb movement disorder.


Snoring,
gasping, or pauses in breathing during sleep.
Excessive daytime sleepiness, irritability, or
depression.
Hyperactivity and behavioral problems.
Bedtime refusal or fear.

Abdulkadir Osman Abdulkadir

H

أتمنى أن يملأ هذا الشهر المقدس قلبك بالسلام، ومنزلك بالبركة، وحياتك برحمة لا نهاية لها.

غفر الله ذنوبنا، وتقبل دعاءنا، ويسمح لنا بترك رمضان نقيا وأقرب إليه من أي وقت مضى.

آمين

May this sacred month fill your heart with peace, your home with barakah, and your life with endless mercy.

May Allah forgive our sins, accept our duas, and allow us to leave Ramadan purified and closer to Him than ever before.

Amen

Rh-positive (𝑅ℎ+)
It means your red blood cells carry the Rhesus (Rh) protein, a common, inherited, and harmless trait found in roughly 85% of people. It is not a disease, but it is important for blood transfusions and pregnancy, as
𝑅ℎ+ individuals can receive both 𝑅ℎ+and 𝑅ℎ−blood.

☄️Key Facts About Rh-Positive Blood
* Definition: The presence of the D-antigen (Rh factor)
on the surface of red blood cells.

* Prevalence: It is the most common blood type
classification worldwide, with about 85% of the
population being 𝑅ℎ+ .

* Inheritance: The Rh+𝑅ℎ+ gene is dominant, meaning
if one or both parents have it, the child is likely to be
𝑅ℎ+.

* Transfusions: Rh+ 𝑅ℎ+ individuals can safely receive
both 𝑅ℎ+ and 𝑅ℎ− blood

☄️Rh Factor in Pregnancy
: If an 𝑅ℎ−mother is carrying an 𝑅ℎ+
baby, it can lead to Rh incompatibility.

: While not typically a problem during the first
pregnancy, a mother's body can produce antibodies
that may affect future 𝑅ℎ + pregnancies, leading to
potential complications like jaundice or severe
anemia in the baby.

: Medical care involves administering a
medication called Rh immunoglobulin (RhGAM) to
prevent the mother's body from attacking the baby's
blood cells.
What is Antigen-D?

Abdulkadir Osman Abdulkadir