Computer learner

......................EXTRANET...................
It stands for External Restricted Access Network. It is a combination of two or more Intranet. An extrnet is somewhat very similar to an intranet(secure business network).Extraneta are designed specifically to give external, limited access to the employees of one or more other companies to certain files/data of your computer system. The firewall helps to control access between the Intranet and Intranet permitting access to the Intranet only to people who are suitably authorized.
Users of intranet consists of: certainly large or privileged customers. selected industry partner. supplier and subcontractors.

......................Intranet.....................

It stands for Internal Restricted Access Network. An intranet is a privately owned, secure business network based on internal technology. It is designed normally for the internal communications of small, medium or large businesses, enterpises, goverments, industries or financial institutions of any size or complexity to make company's internel information available to employees(usually through secure leased lines) no matter where they are situated. Users of intranets consists of

1. Members of the executive team.
2. Accounting and order billing.
3.Managers and directors.
4. Sale people and support staff.
5. Customer services, help desk etc.
For example:
The NASA internet is the best example for intranet

............... Benifits of E-mail...............

1. It is available around the clock.

2. It can reach its destination in minutes or second.

3. It is very cheap and inexpensive way of communication.

4. It is reliable mode of communication, hence used as official mode of communication in large number of organizations throughout the world.

5. Onr can send letter, notes, files or any type of data and reports using the same techniques.

..................... E-mail .....................
E-mail stands for Electronic mail,This is the method of sending and recieving messege from one computer to another over the Internet , linked through wired or wireless connection.

Working of E-mail:
E-mail message s consists of two components, the message header, and the message body, which is the e-mail's content. The message header contains control information, including ,an originator's email address and one or more recipient address. Usually additional information is added, such as a subject header field.
This facility is available to the user through some specialized websites called e-mail servers.

For example: yahoo, hotmail, and g-mail e.t.c
It is a facility with which we can send or receive messages anywhere in the world. Every user has an address to recieve email. This address is a unique identity, which is called e-mail address. We obtain an e-mail address simply by joining an ISP(Internet Services Provider).
For example:
[email protected]
Here
Abc : This is the name of the user who creates his e-mail address
Unique: This is the name of e-mail service provider.
Edu: educational institute network called edu.
Pk:pk indicates the name of the country pk means Pakistan.

. . . . . . . . . World Wide Web. . . . . . . . .

The World Wide Web consists of all the public Web sites connected to the Internet worldwide, including the client devices (such as computers and cell phones) that access Web content. It is a collection of millions of uploading web pages/sites stored in different web servers.

A system of Internet servers that support specially formed documents. The documents are formatted in a markup language called HTML(hypertext markup language) that support links to other documents, as well.as graphics, aufio, and video files. This means you can jump from.one document to.another simply by clicking on hot spots.

There are severals applications called Web browsers that make it easy to access the World Wide Web
For example: Firefox, Microsoft Internet Explorer, Chrome
The www is just one of the many applications of the Internet. Through www users connected to internet can access huge collection of websites /web pages.

Www services is based on the following technologies:

1. HTML- Hypertext Mark Language
2. HTTP- Hypertext Transfer Protocol
3. Web servers and Web browsers

. . . . . HISTORY OF WWW. . . .
The World Wide Web(WWW) was launched in 1989 at European particle physics laboratory in Geneva, for adding footnote, and cross-references in hypertext docume.ts. The www uses http to link hypertext documents on the WWW. It is a collection of web pages or documents stored on computers permanently connected with Internet around the world.

. . . . . . . . URL. . . . . . . . .

URL stands for Uniform Resource Locator. Each web page has a unique address on world wide web (www). This is called URL. If you want to access a www , you will have to specify the URL of the required page in the web browser. The general form of the URL is as
following:
Type://address /path/

The type specifies the type of the server on which the page is hosted, address specifies the address of the server and path specifies the path of the web page on server disk.

For example:
http://www.yahoo.com/services /index.html
http : stands for hypertext transfer protocol. It is used to access websites on Internet. www : stands for World Wide Web
yahoo : indicates the name of the websites.
com : indicates the type of the websites
services : indicates the subdirectory, "/" indicates the start of the subdirectory.
index.html :indicates the name of the specific page of websites

. . . . . . .Working of Internet. . . . . . . .

As we know that, Internet is a collection of millions of computer. It may be connected through cables or moderms or phone lines e.t.c. A computer in a business or universities will.usually have a network Network Interface Card (NIC) that directly connects it to a Local Area Network (LAN) inside the business. The business can then connect its LAN to an ISP(Internet Services Provider)using a high speed phone like a T1 lines. A T1 line can handle approximately 1.5 million bits per seconds, while a normal phone line using a modern can typically handle 30,000 to 50,000 bits per second.
ISP then connect to larger ISP, and then largest ISP maintain fibre-optics backbones foran entire region. Backbone around the world are connected through fibre-optics lines, undersea cables or satellite links.
In this way, every computer on Internet is connected to every other computer on the internet.
This is the whole working of internet which is shortly describe.

. . . . . . . . . . .Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Internet can be defined as a huge collection of millions of computers, all linked together with a computer network
The network allows all of the computer to communicate with one another.
It is a global networks and because of this network all computers can communicate with each other.

If you want to know how internet actually work then comment "W"

. . . . More about Internet history. . . .
During this period, some other small networks had also been established among various univeraities and organizations. In 1989, the authorities decided to link ARPANET( Advance Research Project Agency NET), NSF-NET (National Science Foundation)and other small networks so they could communicate with each other. This link among different networks is reffered as "Internet".
The Internet Facility was now available to common people.
Note:
It has no honor.

. . . History of Internet . . .
The work on internet was started in 1960s because of the cold war between America and Russia.America wants to communicate with its armed force.In 1969, Advance research project agency (ARPA) established a small computer network among different universities and defences organization.The goal was to establish a large computer network connecting a small number of users that could survive in war time. There were only four host first (A host is a computer that provide services to other computers of that network), but the network grew rapidly and spand over countries.

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. . . . . . . . . . . . Network . . . . . . . . . . . .
Network protocols or communication protocol are the rules to exchange data between the network computer or nodes (in networking we called computer as nodes).These set of rules are implemented in the network software.
. . . . . . . . . . . Protocols. . . . . . . . . . .
Protocols basically are the formal set of rules and data structure that directs how computer or nodes and other network devices exchange information over a network.

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If you want to know, what is Internet, how it is work and why we called it Internet then comment "I"